FIG 4.

Streptococcus pneumoniae interacts with cardiomyocytes independently of the canonical pathways. Shown are the interactions between HL-1 cardiomyocytes and wild-type TIGR4 (WT) and its derivative choline binding protein A (ΔcbpA) and cholinekinase (ΔlicA) mutants alone (A) or in the presence of the designated neutralizing antibodies (1 μg/ml) (B). Adhesion was measured 30 min after infection, and invasion was measured 1 h after infection followed by 1 h of gentamicin treatment (n = 3). Errors bars represent standard errors of the means. Statistical analyses were done with t tests (A) and 1-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak correction for multiple comparison (B). **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001.