Table 1.
Co-inhibitory molecules (targets of immune checkpoint inhibitors) | Co-stimulatory molecules (targets of immune-stimulatory agonists) |
---|---|
|
|
Vaccines | Adoptive T cell therapy |
|
|
Immunosuppressive soluble factors | Cytokines |
|
|
Oncolytic virus | T regulatory cell depletion therapy |
|
|
Bispecific T cell engaging antibody-based technologies | Endogenous adjuvants |
|
|
CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4; PD-1, programmed death 1; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; LAG3, lymphocyte activation gene 3; TIM3, T cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-3; BTLA, B and T lymphocyte attenuator; TIGIT, T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain; VISTA, V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation; KIR, killer IgG-like receptor; GITR, Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor; ICOS, Inducible T cell COStimulator; IDO-1, idoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1; IL, interleukin; T-VEC, Talimogene laherparepvec; TCR, T cell receptor.