Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Female | 1.14 | 0.96, 1.36 | 0.1481 |
Age categories | |||
Less than 18 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
18–34 years | 0.81 | 0.50, 1.30 | 0.3835 |
35–64 years | 1.10 | 0.73, 1.68 | 0.6453 |
65–74 years | 1.16 | 0.72, 1.87 | 0.5504 |
75 years and above | 1.27 | 0.73, 2.22 | 0.3918 |
Race | |||
non-Hispanic Whites | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Hispanics | 1.19 | 0.94, 1.51 | 0.1428 |
non-Hispanic Blacks | 0.89 | 0.73, 1.10 | 0.2958 |
Asians | 1.15 | 0.77, 1.72 | 0.4864 |
Others | 0.92 | 0.53, 1.58 | 0.7527 |
Medical insurance coverage | |||
Private insurance | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Medicaid | 0.63 | 0.43, 0.92 | 0.0155 |
Medicare | 0.56 | 0.34, 0.95 | 0.0303 |
Other public insurance | 0.88 | 0.52, 1.49 | 0.6205 |
Uninsured | 1.19 | 0.80, 1.77 | 0.3909 |
Prescription drug insurance coverage | |||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 0.74 | 0.52, 1.03 | 0.0759 |
Educational status | |||
Less than high school | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
At least high school and higher | 1.52 | 1.17, 1.98 | 0.0021 |
Status missing | 1.03 | 0.62, 1.72 | 0.9089 |
Poverty status (family income) | |||
<100% of FPL | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
≥100 and <125% of FPL | 1.00 | 0.68, 1.47 | 0.9876 |
≥125 and <200% of FPL | 1.07 | 0.74, 1.55 | 0.7291 |
≥200 and <400% of FPL | 0.81 | 0.56, 1.17 | 0.2656 |
≥400% of FPL | 0.83 | 0.58, 1.17 | 0.2847 |
Region | |||
Northeast | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Midwest | 0.98 | 0.69, 1.41 | 0.9261 |
South | 1.18 | 0.87, 1.62 | 0.2898 |
West | 0.82 | 0.58, 1.18 | 0.2873 |
Number of prescriptions | 1.02 | 1.01, 1.02 | <0.0001 |
FPL = federal poverty limit; CI = confidence interval.