Table 1.
Profile of Cyclophosphamide Concentrations on Biological Safety Cabinet Workbenches before and after Cleaning
| Cyclophosphamide | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Sample No. | Sample Name | Cleaning Session | Measured Quantity (pg) | Measured Conc’n (pg/cm2) | Residual after Cleaning (%) |
| Pre-study (no spill): theoretical 0 pg/cm2 | |||||
| 1 | Pre-study 1, BSC 1 | NA | 0 | 0* | 0 |
| 2 | Pre-study 2, BSC 1 | NA | 0 | 0* | 0 |
| 3 | Pre-study 3, BSC 1 | NA | 0 | 0* | 0 |
| 4 | Pre-study 4, BSC 2 | NA | 0 | 0* | 0 |
| 5 | Pre-study 5, BSC 2 | NA | 0 | 0* | 0 |
| 6 | Pre-study 6, BSC 2 | NA | 0 | 0* | 0 |
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| Study (after deliberate spill): theoretical 16 666 pg/cm2 | |||||
| Quaternary ammonium (DR-100) | |||||
| Replicate 1 | |||||
| 7 | DR-100 1A | 1 | 299 948 | 499.91 | 2.999 |
| 8 | DR-100 2A | 2 | 12 540 | 20.90 | 0.125 |
| 9 | DR-100 3A | 3 | 1 507 | 2.51 | 0.015 |
| 10 | DR-100 4A | 4 | 693 | 1.16* | 0.007 |
| 11 | DR-100 5A | 5 | 396 | 0.66* | 0.004 |
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| Replicate 2 | |||||
| 12 | DR-100 1B | 1 | 53 515 | 89.19 | 0.535 |
| 13 | DR-100 2B | 2 | 3 245 | 5.41 | 0.032 |
| 14 | DR-100 3B | 3 | 1 254 | 2.09 | 0.013 |
| 15 | DR-100 4B | 4 | 264 | 0.44* | 0.003 |
| 16 | DR-100 5B | 5 | 220 | 0.37* | 0.002 |
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| Replicate 3 | |||||
| 17 | DR-100 1C | 1 | 33 605 | 56.01 | 0.336 |
| 18 | DR-100 2C | 2 | 2 794 | 4.66 | 0.028 |
| 19 | DR-100 3C | 3 | 506 | 0.84* | 0.005 |
| 20 | DR-100 4C | 4 | 363 | 0.61* | 0.004 |
| 21 | DR-100 5C | 5 | 308 | 0.51* | 0.003 |
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| Sodium hypchlorite 0.02% (Zochlor) | |||||
| Replicate 1 | |||||
| 22 | Zochlor 0.02% 1A | 1 | 168 509 | 280.85 | 1.685 |
| 23 | Zochlor 0.02% 2A | 2 | 2 596 | 4.33 | 0.026 |
| 24 | Zochlor 0.02% 3A | 3 | 550 | 0.92* | 0.006 |
| 25 | Zochlor 0.02% 4A | 4 | 308 | 0.51* | 0.003 |
| 26 | Zochlor 0.02% 5A | 5 | 352 | 1.59 | 0.004 |
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| Replicate 2 | |||||
| 27 | Zochlor 0.02% 1B | 1 | 475 893 | 793.16 | 4.759 |
| 28 | Zochlor 0.02% 2B | 2 | 11 011 | 18.35 | 0.110 |
| 29 | Zochlor 0.02% 3B | 3 | 880 | 1.47 | 0.009 |
| 30 | Zochlor 0.02% 4B | 4 | 374 | 0.62* | 0.004 |
| 31 | Zochlor 0.02% 5B | 5 | 297 | 0.50* | 0.003 |
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| Replicate 3 | |||||
| 32 | Zochlor 0.02% 1C | 1 | 247 445 | 412.41 | 2.474 |
| 33 | Zochlor 0.02% 2C | 2 | 5 808 | 9.68 | 0.058 |
| 34 | Zochlor 0.02% 3C | 3 | 1 067 | 1.78 | 0.011 |
| 35 | Zochlor 0.02% 4C | 4 | < LOD | < LOD | 0.000 |
| 36 | Zochlor 0.02% 5C | 5 | 231 | 0.39* | 0.002 |
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| Sodium hypchlorite 2% (Zochlor) | |||||
| Replicate 1 | |||||
| 37 | Zochlor 2% 1A | 1 | 75 163 | 125.27 | 0.752 |
| 38 | Zochlor 2% 2A | 2 | 5 423 | 9.04 | 0.054 |
| 39 | Zochlor 2% 3A | 3 | < LOD | < LOD | 0.000 |
| 40 | Zochlor 2% 4A | 4 | 1 881 | 3.14 | 0.019 |
| 41 | Zochlor 2% 5A | 5 | < LOD | < LOD | 0.000 |
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| Replicate 2 | |||||
| 42 | Zochlor 2% 1B | 1 | 69 091 | 115.15 | 0.691 |
| 43 | Zochlor 2% 2B | 2 | < LOD | < LOD | 0.000 |
| 44 | Zochlor 2% 3B | 3 | < LOD | < LOD | 0.000 |
| 45 | Zochlor 2% 4B | 4 | < LOD | < LOD | 0.000 |
| 46 | Zochlor 2% 5B | 5 | < LOD | < LOD | 0.000 |
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| Replicate 3 | |||||
| 47 | Zochlor 2% 1C | 1 | 453 376 | 755.63 | 4.534 |
| 48 | Zochlor 2% 2C | 2 | 14 157 | 23.60 | 0.142 |
| 49 | Zochlor 2% 3C | 3 | 2 420 | 4.03 | 0.024 |
| 50 | Zochlor 2% 4C | 4 | < LOD | < LOD | 0.000 |
| 51 | Zochlor 2% 5C | 5 | < LOD | < LOD | 0.000 |
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| Post-study (no spill): theoretical 0 pg/cm2 | |||||
| 52 | Post-study 1, BSC 1 | NA | < LOD | < LOD | NA |
| 53 | Post-study 2, BSC 1 | NA | < LOD | < LOD | NA |
| 54 | Post-study 3, BSC 2 | NA | < LOD | < LOD | NA |
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| Recovery efficiency (after spill): theoretical 16 666 pg/cm2 | |||||
| 55 | Recovery 1, BSC 1 | NA | 11 731 998 | 19 553.33 | 117.320 |
| 56 | Recovery 2, BSC 2 | NA | 12 052 002 | 20 086.67 | 120.520 |
| 57 | Recovery 3, BSC 2 | NA | 12 723 000 | 21 205.00 | 127.230 |
BSC = biological safety cabinet, LOD = limit of detection, NA = not applicable.
*
Values below the limit of quantification of cyclophosphamide (1.21 pg/cm2). The LOD was 0.36 pg/cm².