Table 1.
Basic Sample Characteristics
| Variable (Test; P-Value)a | Cases | Person-Years at-Risk | Crude Incidence | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | (%) | N | (%) | Rate | (95% CI) | |
| Diagnosis (ICD-10) | ||||||
| Any FEP (F10–33) | 687 | (100.0) | 2021663 | (100.0) | 34.0 | (31.5–36.6) |
| Schizophrenia (F20) | 350 | (50.9) | 2021663 | (100.0) | 17.3 | (15.6–19.2) |
| Other nonaffective psychosis (F21–29) | 223 | (32.5) | 2021663 | (100.0) | 11.1 | (9.7–12.6) |
| Bipolar disorder (F30–31) | 65 | (9.5) | 2021663 | (100.0) | 3.2 | (2.5–4.1) |
| Psychotic depression (F32–33) | 19 | (2.8) | 2021663 | (100.0) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.5) |
| Substance-induced psychoses (F10–19) | 30 | (4.4) | 2021663 | (100.0) | 1.5 | (1.0–2.1) |
| Ethnicity (χ2-test: 13.0; P < .001)b | ||||||
| White, British | 514 | (74.8) | 1623 285 | (80.3) | 31.7 | (29.0–34.5) |
| White, non-British | 68 | (9.9) | 207098 | (10.2) | 32.8 | (25.9–41.6) |
| Indian | 2 | (0.3) | 27911 | (1.4) | 7.2 | (1.8–28.7) |
| Pakistani | 17 | (2.5) | 20125 | (1.0) | 84.5 | (52.5–135.9) |
| Bangladeshi | 6 | (0.9) | 8401 | (0.4) | 71.4 | (32.1–159.0) |
| Arabic ethnicities | 4 | (0.6) | 4848 | (0.2) | 82.5 | (31.0–219.8) |
| Black, African | 23 | (3.3) | 17177 | (0.8) | 133.9 | (89.0–201.5) |
| Black, Caribbean | 10 | (1.5) | 5966 | (0.3) | 167.6 | (90.2–311.5) |
| Mixed ethnicities | 28 | (4.1) | 44013 | (2.1) | 63.6 | (43.9–92.1) |
| Other ethnicities | 15 | (2.2) | 62851 | (3.1) | 23.9 | (14.4–39.6) |
| Generation status (FE-test; P < .001) | ||||||
| White, British (UK-born) | 511 | (74.4) | 1573700 | (77.8) | 32.5 | (29.8–35.4) |
| White, British (born overseas) | 3 | (0.4) | 49331 | (2.4) | 6.1 | (2.0–18.9) |
| BME, later generation (UK-born) | 67 | (9.8) | 73586 | (3.6) | 91.0 | (71.7–115.7) |
| BME, first-generation (foreign-born) | 106 | (15.4) | 325046 | (16.1) | 33.8 | (27.0–39.4) |
| Age-at-immigrationc (FE-test: P < .001) | ||||||
| 0–4 years (infancy) | 4 | (3.9) | 9505 | (2.9) | 42.1 | (15.8–112.1) |
| 5–12 years (childhood) | 16 | (15.5) | 18322 | (5.6) | 87.3 | (53.5–142.5) |
| 13–19 years (adolescence) | 31 | (30.1) | 70364 | (21.6) | 44.1 | (31.0–62.6) |
| 20+ years (adulthood) | 52 | (50.5) | 226854 | (69.8) | 22.9 | (17.5–30.1) |
| Rural–urban statusd (χ2-test: 26.4; P < .001) | ||||||
| White British—rural | 339 | (51.4) | 1216693 | (60.2) | 27.9 | (25.0–31.0) |
| BME groups—rural | 83 | (12.6) | 231999 | (11.5) | 35.8 | (28.9–44.4) |
| White British—urban | 156 | (23.7) | 406592 | (20.1) | 38.4 | (32.8–44.9) |
| BME groups—urban | 81 | (12.3) | 166510 | (8.2) | 48.6 | (39.1–60.5) |
Note: FEP, first-episode psychosis; FE-test, Fisher’s Exact test; BME, black and minority ethnic group.
aTest of whether the distribution of FEP participants is the same as the population at-risk, by each variable.
bχ2-test of white British vs all BME groups. A Fisher’s Exact test would not converge on 11 categories.
c“BME, first-generation” group only, excluding 3 participants missing age-at-immigration data (N = 103).
dRural: 0–8000 people per square mile; Urban: 8001–22000 people per square mile.