Table 2.
Summary of reverse genetic studies involving components of the canonical cell cycle causing altered dormancy or quiescence phenotypes
| Gene name | Description | Species | Allele | Dormancy-related phenotype | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYCD1;1 | D-type cyclin | Arabidopsis thaliana (Col. 0), Arabidopsis thaliana (L. er.) | cycd1;1 | Radicle emergence delayed during germination due to delayed cell cycle activation in the root apex. | Masubelele et al., 2005 |
| CYCD1;1oe | Germination and radicle emergence accelerated in overexpression lines. | ||||
| CYCD2;1 | D-type cyclin | Arabidopsis thaliana (Col. 0), Arabidopsis thaliana (L. er.) | CYCD2;1oe | Accelerated germination and radicle emergence in overexpression lines. | Masubelele et al., 2005 |
| CYCD3;1 | D-type cyclin | Arabidopsis thaliana (L. er.) | CYCD3;1oe | Germination delayed in overexpressing line. | Masubelele et al., 2005 |
| CYCD4;1 | D-type cyclin | Arabidopsis thaliana (Col. 0) | cycd4;1 | Radicle emergence deferred during germination due to delayed cell cycle activation in the root apex. | Masubelele et al., 2005 |
| CYC1 | Mitotic cyclin | Populus tremuIa (L.) × P. alba (L.) | Pcyc1At-gus | Expression of Pcyc1At-gus low in dormant axillary buds and downregulated by short days, which in poplar induces dormancy. | Rohde et al., 1997 |
| CDC2A | Cyclin-dependent kinase | Populus tremuIa (L.) × P. alba (L.) | Pcdc2a-gus | Expression of Pcdc2a-gus low in dormant axillary buds and downregulated by short days, which in poplar induces dormancy. | Rohde et al., 1997 |
| ICK1/KRP1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor | Oryza sativa | KRP1oe | Germination ability of pollen affected in overexpression lines. | Barrôco et al., 2006 |
| ICK2/KRP2 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor | Arabidopsis thaliana (Col. 0) | ick2-1/krp2 ick2oe | Increase in density and number of lateral roots under normal conditions. Lateral root formation inhibited in overexpression lines. | Sanz et al., 2011 |
| ICK3/KRP5 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor | Arabidopsis thaliana (Col. 0) | ick3/krp5-1 | Loss of functional ICK3/KRP5 causes delayed germination. | Wen et al., 2013 |
| 1CK4/KRP6 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor | Arabidopsis thaliana (Col. 0) | krp6-1 | Rapid germination. | Nieuwland et al., 2016 |
| E2Fa | Transcription factor | Arabidopsis thaliana (Col. 0) | E2Fa/DPaoe | Overexpression of AtE2Fa induced ectopic cell divisions and DNA endoreduplication. Dry seeds contain low levels of E2Fa whereas their levels increase on imbibition. | de Veylder et al., 2002 |
| E2Fa | Masubelele et al., 2005 | ||||
| E2Fc | Transcription factor | Arabidopsis thaliana (Col. 0) | E2Foe | Overexpression of AtE2Fc reduces number of cell divisions. Dry seeds contain high levels of E2Fc; however, their levels decrease on imbibition. | del Pozo et al., 2002 |
| E2Fc | Masubelele et al., 2005 |