Fig. 1.

Timeline of experimental procedure. At the outset, participants received propranolol (80 mg) at one session and placebo at the other, with the order counterbalanced. Thirty minutes later, they consumed a granola bar. The task began 90 min after pill administration and required ∼40 min. Participants saw the same task order (Delay Vary First or Immediate Vary first) on both days. They left after 180 min. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were assessed at four time points: at pill administration (0 min), before the task (+90 min), after the task (∼+130 min) and 180 min after pill administration.