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. 2017 Jul 3;45(14):8129–8141. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx565

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© The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 1. — Schematic representation of PAR synthesis. PARPs hydrolyze nicotinamide from NAD⁺ and covalently link the remaining ADP-ribose moieties to their substrates, forming linear or branched PAR chains. Different PAR readers recognize distinct units of the PAR chain. The PBZ motif recognizes tandem ADP-ribose. The WWE, FHA and OB domains recognize iso-ADP-ribose. The macro and BRCT domains recognize ADP-ribose. The recognition units of the RRM, PIN and PbR domains need to be identified. ADPr: ADP-ribose; iso-ADPr: iso-ADP-ribose.