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NADPH provides electrons to enzymes involved in antioxidant defense. A variety of redox transfer reactions utilize NADPH as the initial electron donor to reduce and detoxify ROS. GSH generated by glutathione reductase is consumed by Gpx enzymes. Thioredoxin also participates in a variety of chemical reductions designed to mitigate oxidant stress through reduction of Prx, H2O2, and other proteins. Gpx, glutathione peroxidase; Prx, peroxiredoxin; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
