Table 1.

Proteinuria and blood-pressure devices

Device Category	Device Type	Device Name	Description	Per- use Cost ($)	Device sensitivity	Device specificity
Diagnostic: Proteinuria	Dipstick Test	CLINITEK Status microalbumin strip test [27]	Clinitek Status automated analyzer with single use plastic strips that detect albumin and creatinine in urine.	5.70–5.85	0.955	0.533
		Multistix Pro 10LS [28]	Single use plastic strips that detect proteinuria (visually read).	3.29	0.263	0.729
		Uristik [29]	Single use plastic strips that detect glucose and protein in urine (visually read).	0.2	0.680	0.680
		DCA 2000+[27]	Automated, battery-powered device that displays the proteinuria content of a urine sample on an LCD screen.	12.90	0.994	0.840
Diagnostic: Blood-pressure	Auscultatory	Mercury Sphygmomanometer [30]	Manual device that uses a mercury column to display the pressure of a cuff inflated around the upper arm. Requires a trained operator to listen to blood sounds with a stethoscope.	0.009–0.039	0.966	0.877
	Hybrid	Nissei DM-3000 [31]	Hybrid device with manual auscultatory and automatic oscillometric settings, with digital display. This study uses values from the auscultatory setting only.	0.076–0.11	0.918	0.914
	Oscillometric	Spot Vital Signs [32]	Rechargeable battery-powered device that automatically inflates cuff, obtains blood pressure through a built-in algorithm, and displays result on a digital readout.	0.15 – 0.29	0.931	0.858
		Microlife [33]	Manually inflated device that automatically determines blood pressure with a built-in algorithm, and displays result digitally.	0.004	0.910	0.905

Notes: Costs are in US 2015 dollars.