. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 20.

Published in final edited form as: Depress Anxiety. 2013 Oct 7;31(1):27–37. doi: 10.1002/da.22197

Table 3.

Multilevel Logistic Regression Models of Any 12-Month Depressive Disorder Only (Weighted)

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
	OR		95% CI	OR		95% CI	OR		95% CI	OR		95% CI
Individual Characteristics

Race/Ethnicity
Non-Latino White (ref)	1.00						1.00			1.00
Latino	1.19		(0.85 – 1.66)				1.58	^**	(1.18 – 2.12)	1.55	^**	(1.19 – 2.01)
Asian	0.67		(0.41 – 1.10)				0.84		(0.47 – 1.50)	0.87		(0.50 – 1.52)
African American	0.63	^***	(0.48 – 0.82)				0.53	^***	(0.37 – 0.77)	0.56	^***	(0.41 – 0.77)
Black Caribbean	1.33		(0.56 – 3.14)				1.33		(0.61 – 2.89)	1.46		(0.68 – 3.11)
Age, years
18–34 (ref)	1.00						1.00			1.00
35–49	0.80	^†	(0.62 – 1.03)				0.65		(0.35 – 1.23)	0.66		(0.36 – 1.22)
50–64	0.55	^**	(0.39 – 0.79)				0.34	^**	(0.16 – 0.69)	0.34	^**	(0.17 – 0.69)
65+	0.20	^***	(0.11 – 0.36)				0.18	^***	(0.09 – 0.36)	0.19	^***	(0.09 – 0.40)
Gender
Male (ref)	1.00						1.00			1.00
Female	1.68	^***	(1.36 – 2.06)				1.65	^***	(1.30 – 2.11)	1.62	^***	(1.27 – 2.07)
Marital Status
Married/cohabitating (ref)	1.00						1.00			1.00
D/S/W	1.94	^***	(1.45 – 2.60)				2.07	^**	(1.34 – 3.22)	2.02	^**	(1.29 – 3.15)
Never married	1.34	^*	(1.02 – 1.76)				0.83		(0.48 – 1.42)	0.76		(0.42 – 1.41)
Education, years
11 years or less (ref)	1.00						1.00			1.00
12 years	0.94		(0.66 – 1.34)				0.81		(0.47 – 1.37)	0.85		(0.52 – 1.41)
13–15 years	0.90		(0.65 – 1.25)				1.30		(0.55 – 3.06)	1.37		(0.62 – 3.01)
16 years or more	0.96		(0.64 – 1.43)				1.08		(0.43 – 2.69)	1.17		(0.53 – 2.57)
Poverty	1.25		(0.94 – 1.67)				--^a			1.45		(0.88 – 2.37)
Work Status
Employed (ref)	1.00						1.00			1.00
Unemployment	1.23		(0.81 – 1.87)				1.03		(0.50 – 2.14)	0.94		(0.44 – 2.01)
Out of Labor Force	1.34	^†	(0.98 – 1.82)				1.19		(0.75 – 1.89)	1.11		(0.67 – 1.86)
Nativity
US-born (ref)	1.00						1.00			1.00
Immigrant	0.72		(0.48 – 1.08)				0.57	^*	(0.36 – 0.88)	0.52	^**	(0.33 – 0.83)

Neighborhood Characteristics

Disadvantage				1.03		(0.98 – 1.08)	1.02		(0.99 – 1.06)
Latino/Immigrant Concentration				0.94	^*	(0.88 – 1.00)	0.93	^*	(0.87 – 1.00)
Affluence				0.93		(0.83 – 1.04)	0.94		(0.86 – 1.04)
Residential Instability				0.94	^*	(0.89 – 1.00)	0.93	^*	(0.88 – 0.99)

Neighborhood Characteristics × Race/Ethnicity^b

Disadvantage (Non-Latino White)										1.02		(0.93 – 1.12)

Latino^c										1.01		(0.92 – 1.09)
Asian^c										0.95		(0.85 – 1.05)
African American^c										0.99		(0.89 – 1.11)
Black Caribbean ^c										0.72		(0.46 – 1.13)

Latino/Immigrant Concentration (Non-Latino White)										0.94	^†	(0.87 – 1.01)

Latino^c										0.98		(0.90 – 1.06)
Asian^c										0.86	^†	(0.73 – 1.02)
African American^c										0.89	^†	(0.79 – 1.00)
Black Caribbean ^c										1.03		(0.92 – 1.16)

Affluence (Non-Latino White)										0.94		(0.84 – 1.06)

Latino^c										0.91		(0.77 – 1.07)
Asian^c										1.08		(0.95 – 1.24)
African American^c										1.19	^**	(1.05 – 1.34)
Black Caribbean ^c										0.93		(0.76 – 1.14)

Residential Instability (Non-Latino White)										0.94	^*	(0.88 – 0.99)

Latino^c										1.00		(0.86 – 1.15)
Asian^c										1.09		(0.97 – 1.23)
African American^c										0.96		(0.86 – 1.06)
Black Caribbean ^c										1.26	^*	(1.05 – 1.50)
Constant	0.04	^***	(0.02 – 0.05)	0.04	^***	(0.03 – 0.05)	0.04	^***	(0.01 – 0.14)	0.04	^***	(0.01 – 0.12)
Observations	13626			13636			13592			13592

Note

Poverty index had to be removed from this model because the model would not converge with this variable in it.

Bold values represent estimates that remained statistically significant after Holm test correction..

Reference group is non-Latino whites.

D/S/W= Divorced/separated/widowed.

^†

p< .10;

p< .05;

^**

p< .01;

^***

p< .001