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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 20.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2017 Feb 17;3(11):2798–2805. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00772

Figure 3. Strain magnitudes and heterogeneity decrease with spatial scale.

Figure 3

(A) At tissue, matrix, and nuclear scales, decreased distributions were observed for hydrostatic, deviatoric, and shear strains. (B) Bulk linear measurement based strain over all scales. Absolute strain measures were averaged over multiple samples. Data represents mean with standard deviation as error bar. Statistically significant differences were observed between tissue-nucleus and matrix-nucleus scales (*p < 0.01) but not between tissue-matrix scales. (C) Iterative hyperelastic warping based hydrostatic strain over multiple scales. For each sample, the mean of absolute values over all elements was computed. Multiple sample means were averaged to generate the data shown as mean with standard deviation as error bar. Statistically significant differences were observed between tissue-nucleus, matrix-nucleus and tissue-matrix scales (*p < 0.01).