Table 2. Ethogram defining the aggressive interactions recorded: Aggressive pecks, chases, leaps, threats and fights.
Ethogram for aggressive interactions (Adapted from Estevez et al. 2002 [13]) | |
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Aggressive peck (event) | The bird raises its head and vigorously stabs its beak towards another bird (usually directed to the head and neck region). |
Chase (event) | The bird runs after another bird for at least three steps in an aggressive manner. |
Leap (event) | The bird jumps and kicks its feet forward towards another bird. |
Threat (event) | The bird stands with head clearly raised (sometimes accompanied with raising of the neck feathers) in front of another bird who held its head at a lower level. |
Fight (event) | Two birds stand in front of each other threating and delivering pecks to each other in rapid succession, sometimes accompanied by jumps. Peaks, leaps and threats occurring during a fight sequence were not recorded independently. |