Table 2.

Potential diagnostic biomarkers for endometriosis

Biological groups	Biomarkers	References
Inflammatory markers-Cytokines	IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-21, RANTES, TNF-α, IFN-gamma, MCP-1, MIF, CRP	75
Steroids and hormones	ERs, 17 βHSD, aromatase	76
Growth factors	IGF, Activin, TGF β1, HGF, annexin-1	75.77
Cell adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules	Integrins, Vimentin, E-cadherin, osteopontin, ICAM-1 (CD54), β-catenin, FAK	78–80
Angiogenesis	VEGF, NGF, FGF-2, Leptin, IGFBP-3, glycodelin, M-CSF, angiopoeitin-1 and −2, MVD, endoglin and thrombospondin-1	81, 82
Apoptosis and cell cycle control	Telomerase activity, Pak-1, cyclin D1, Survivin, Bcl-2, MCL-1, Bax, Bcl-xL, Bcl-xS	83
Stem cell markers	CD9, CD34, Oct-4	84–86
Genomics	HOXA10, 3p, 5q, 7p, 9p, 11q, 16q, 17p, 17q, 18q, 19p, 19q	87
Proteomics	The analysis of different expression of certain peptides and proteins in endometriosis	88
Tissue remodeling	MMP-2, MMP9, TIMPs, urokinase	89–90

Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Microvessel density (MVD), Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Insulin-like growth (IGF), Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), Pak-1 (p21 activated kinase-1), 17 β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 βHSD), Estrogen receptors (ERs)