Table 2. Demographic and disease related characteristics of participants.
| The Netherlands | North America | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Data contributors (n = 291)* |
Non-compliant (n = 13)* |
p-value |
Data contributors (n = 514)* |
Non-compliant (n = 135)* |
p-value |
Data contributors (n = 805)* |
Non-compliant (n = 148)* |
||
| Sex | Men | 168 (65%) | - | NA | 260 (53%) | 25 (51%) | .763 | 454 (58%) | 25 (51%) |
| Age | ≤50 | 29 (10%) | 1 (8%) | .523 | 101 (21%) | 11 (22%) | .676 | 130 (17%) | 12 (19%) |
| 51–69 | 207 (72%) | 8 (61%) | 310 (63%) | 28 (57%) | 517 (66%) | 36 (58%) | |||
| ≥70 | 53 (18%) | 4 (31%) | 81 (16%) | 10 (20%) | 134 (17%) | 14 (23%) | |||
| Education Level | Low | 51 (20%) | NA | NA | 168 (35%) | 21 (44%) | .477 | 219 (30%) | 21 (44%) |
| Middle | 103 (40%) | NA | NA | 187 (39%) | 16 (33%) | 290 (39%) | 16 (33%) | ||
| High | 101 (40%) | NA | NA | 126 (26%) | 11 (22%) | 227 (31%) | 11 (22%) | ||
| Disease severity | 0/1 | 73 (30%) | 1 (100%) | NA | 235 (49%) | 21 (47%) | .580 | 308 (43%) | 22 (48%) |
| 2 | 127 (53%) | 0 | 134 (28%) | 10 (22%) | 261 (36%) | 10 (22%) | |||
| 3 | 34 (14%) | 0 | 98 (20%) | 13 (29%) | 132 (18%) | 13 (29%) | |||
| 4/5 | 6 (2%) | 0 | 13 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 19 (3%) | 1 (2%) | |||
| Depression1 | No | 238 (97%) | - | NA | 346 (70%) | 26 (53%) | .013 | 584 (79%) | 26 (53%) |
| Cognitive impairment2 | No (>26) | 124 (53%) | 1 (100%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 124 (53%) | 1 (100%) |
| Independency level3 | ≤70 | 36 (15%) | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 36 (15%) | 0 |
| 71–80 | 51 (22%) | 0 | NA | NA | 51 (22%) | 0 | |||
| 81–90 | 109 (46%) | 1 (100%) | NA | NA | 109 (46%) | 1 (100%) | |||
| ≥91 | 41 (17%) | 0 | NA | NA | 41 (17%) | 0 | |||
| How easy is for you to use a smartphone? | Very easy | 59(22%) | 0 | .211 | NA | NA | NA | 59(22%) | 0 |
| Easy | 117(44%) | 3(50%) | NA | NA | 117(44%) | 3(50%) | |||
| Neither easy nor difficult | 64(22%) | 1 (17%) | NA | NA | 64(22%) | 1 (17%) | |||
| Difficult | 20(7%) | 2 (33%) | NA | NA | 20(7%) | 2 (33%) | |||
| Very difficult | 6(2%) | NA | NA | 6(2%) | |||||
| MDS-UPDRS (Median) | 52.5 (QR 35–69) | 22 | - | NA | NA | 52.5 (QR 35–69) | 22 | ||
*Number of missing values differed across variables; only valid percentages are reported.
SES: Socioeconomic status; Disease severity: assessed with Hoehn and Yarh stages at the NL cohort and estimated from self-reported at NAM cohort; MDS-UPDRS: Movement Disorders Society—Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.
1-Depression was assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale at NL and self-reported on NAM site;
2-Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment,
3-Independency level was measured by Modified Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale.
NA = not assessed. QR: 1st and 3rd quartiles.