Table 3. Distribution of data-contributors’ characteristics and influence on compliance for the NL and NAM cohorts.
| The Netherlands | North America | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low compliance (n = 73)* |
Middle compliance (n = 146)* |
High compliance (n = 72)* |
p-value | Low compliance (n = 128)* |
Middle compliance (n = 256)* |
High compliance (n = 129)* |
p-value | ||
| Sex | Men | 39 (71%) | 84 (64%) | 44 (65%) | .634 | 64 (56%) | 133 (54%) | 62 (49%) | .504 |
| Age | ≤50 | 7 (10%) | 15 (10%) | 7 (10%) | .954 | 30 (26%) | 49 (20%) | 22 (17%) | .414 |
| 51–69 | 51 (70%) | 103 (71%) | 53 (75%) | 67 (57%) | 161 (65%) | 81 (64%) | |||
| ≥70 | 15 (20%) | 27 (19%) | 11 (16%) | 20 (17%) | 36 (15%) | 24 (19%) | |||
| Education Level | Low | 11 (20%) | 23 (17%) | 17 (25%) | .684 | 46 (41%) | 84 (35%) | 38 (31%) | .144 |
| Middle | 21 (38%) | 45 (84%) | 24 (35%) | 43 (38%) | 86 (35%) | 57 (46%) | |||
| High | 23 (42%) | 51 (39%) | 27 (40%) | 24 (21%) | 73 (30%) | 29 (23%) | |||
| Disease severity | 0+1 | 15 (42%) | 37 (28%) | 21 (30%) | .555 | 50 (44%) | 121 (50%) | 64 (52%) | .45 |
| 2 | 15 (42%) | 72 (54%) | 40 (57%) | 30 (26%) | 66 (27%) | 38 (31%) | |||
| 3 | 6 (16%) | 20 (15%) | 8 (11%) | 30 (26%) | 48 (19%) | 19 (15%) | |||
| 4+5 | 0 (0%) | 5 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 4 (4%) | 7 (3%) | 2 (2%) | |||
| Depression1 | No (<6) | 36(100%) | 135 (98%) | 67 (94%) | .285 | 74 (63.2%) | 172 (70%) | 99 (78%) | .044 |
| Cognitive impairment2 | No (>26) | 16 (47%) | 74 (56%) | 34 (50%) | .584 | - | - | - | - |
| Level of independency3 | ≤70 | 5 (14%) | 21 (16%) | 10 (15%) | .164 | - | - | - | - |
| 71–80 | 13 (36%) | 30 (23%) | 8 (12%) | - | - | - | |||
| 81–90 | 13 (36%) | 61 (46%) | 35 (52%) | - | - | - | |||
| ≥91 | 5 (14%) | 21 (16%) | 15 (22%) | - | - | - | |||
| How easy is for you to use a smartphone? | Very easy | 12 (19%) | 33 (24%) | 14 (21%) | .065 | - | - | - | - |
| Easy | 27 (44%) | 60 (44%) | 30 (44%) | - | - | - | |||
| Neither easy nor difficult | 14 (23%) | 27 (20%) | 23 (34%) | - | - | - | |||
| Difficult | 5 (8%) | 14 (10%) | 1 (2%) | - | - | ||||
| Very difficult | 4 (6%) | 2 (2%) | (0%) | - | - | - | - | ||
| MDS-UPDRS6 (median) | 49 | 55 | 48 | .55 | - | - | - | - | |
| SUS6 (median) | 50 | 65 | 70 | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | |
*Missing values varied across variables.
Red is significant at .05; green is significant at .001.
SES: Socioeconomic status; Disease severity: assessed with Hoehn and Yarh stages at the NL cohort and estimated from self-reported at NAM cohort; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MDS-UPDRS: Movement Disorders Society—Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, SUS: System Usability Scale.
1-Depression was assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale at NL and self-reported on NAM;
2-Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment;
3-Independency level was measured by Modified Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale;
4 –Pearson Chi-Square;
5 –Fisher’s Exact Test;
6-Kruskal-Wallis