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. 2017 Dec 20;12(12):e0189873. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189873

Table 2. Definition of the personality traits considered in this paper for the male and female freshmen students.

Traits marked with an asterisk (*) are part of the Big Five Inventory. References provide further reading on the various personality traits.

Personality trait Description
Openness* Describes original, independent, creative and daring behavior [9, 30, 87, 88].
Conscientiousness* Desribes how careful, reliable, hardworking and organized is one [9, 30, 87, 88].
Extraversion* Sociable, talkative, fun-loving and affectionate [9, 30, 87, 88].
Agreeableness* Good-natured, softhearted, trusting and courteous [9, 30, 87, 88].
Neuroticism* Describes worried, insecure, nervous and highly strung state [9, 30, 87, 88].
Self-esteem A 10-item instrument to define the “feeling of self-worth”. Example items are “I feel that I have a number of good qualities” and “I certainly feel useless at times” [15].
Narcissism A 18-item instrument (Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire) describing a “grandiose view of the self, a strong sense of entitlement and superiority, as well as tendencies to show dominant, charming, bragging, and aggressive behaviors” [19].
Perceived stress A 14-item instrument (Perceived Stress Scale) that measures “the degree to which situations in one’s life are appraised as stressful” [28].
Locus of control A 29-item instrument (I-E Rotter Scale) to measure “the extent to which a person perceives a reward or reinforcement as contingent on his own behavior (internal locus) or as dependent on chance or environmental control (external locus)” [29, 32]
Satisfaction with life A 5-item instrument (Satisfaction with life scale) that measures “life satisfaction as a cognitive-judgmental process”. An example item is “In most ways my life is close to my ideal” [34, 35].
Loneliness A 25-item instrument (UCLA Loneliness Scale) describing the “perceived loneliness” [38, 89].