Table 4.
Path analyses (n = 1604)
| Construct | B | SE | β | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic status | |||||
| Family income | → | Destructive marital conflict | − .11 | .03 | − 3.83*** |
| Family income | → | Constructive marital conflict | .09 | .03 | 3.04** |
| Family income | → | Negative parenting practices | − .11 | .03 | − 3.82*** |
| Family income | → | Positive parenting practices | .09 | .03 | 3.05** |
| Family income | → | Social skills | .09 | .03 | 3.29** |
| Family income | → | T2 internalizing problems | − .08 | .02 | − 3.48*** |
| Family income | → | T2 externalizing problems | − .06 | .02 | − 2.65** |
| Maternal education level | → | Destructive marital conflict | − .03 | .03 | − .90 |
| Maternal education level | → | Constructive marital conflict | .07 | .03 | 2.17* |
| Maternal education level | → | Negative parenting practices | − .07 | .03 | − 2.28* |
| Maternal education level | → | Positive parenting practices | .06 | .03 | 2.03* |
| Maternal education level | → | Social skills | .04 | .03 | 1.18 |
| Maternal education level | → | T2 internalizing problems | − .09 | .02 | − 3.75*** |
| Maternal education level | → | T2 externalizing problems | − .05 | .02 | − 2.11* |
| Paternal education level | → | Destructive marital conflict | − .10 | .03 | − 3.46*** |
| Paternal education level | → | Constructive marital conflict | .10 | .03 | 3.31*** |
| Paternal education level | → | Negative parenting practices | − .06 | .03 | − 2.08* |
| Paternal education level | → | Positive parenting practices | .01 | .03 | .38 |
| Paternal education level | → | Social skills | .08 | .03 | 2.85** |
| Paternal education level | → | T2 internalizing problems | −.04 | .02 | −1.69 |
| Paternal education level | → | T2 externalizing problems | − .02 | .02 | − .67 |
| Marital conflict | |||||
| Destructive marital conflict | → | Negative parenting practices | .22 | .03 | 6.83*** |
| Destructive marital conflict | → | Positive parenting practices | −.01 | .03 | −.30 |
| Destructive marital conflict | → | Social skills | − .11 | .03 | − 3.47*** |
| Destructive marital conflict | → | T2 internalizing problems | .08 | .03 | 3.08** |
| Destructive marital conflict | → | T2 externalizing problems | .05 | .02 | 2.25* |
| Constructive marital conflict | → | Negative parenting practices | −.01 | .03 | −.19 |
| Constructive marital conflict | → | Positive parenting practices | .26 | .03 | 8.16*** |
| Constructive marital conflict | → | Social skills | .09 | .03 | 2.68** |
| Constructive marital conflict | → | T2 internalizing problems | − .03 | .03 | − 1.09 |
| Constructive marital conflict | → | T2 externalizing problems | − .01 | .02 | − .54 |
| Parenting practice | |||||
| Negative parenting practices | → | Social skills | − .10 | .03 | − 3.90*** |
| Negative parenting practices | → | T2 internalizing problems | .07 | .02 | 3.30*** |
| Negative parenting practices | → | T2 externalizing problems | .20 | .02 | 10.08*** |
| Positive parenting practices | → | Social skills | .08 | .03 | 3.10** |
| Positive parenting practices | → | T2 internalizing problems | − .05 | .02 | − 2.56** |
| Positive parenting practices | → | T2 externalizing problems | − .10 | .02 | − 4.90*** |
| Child social competence | |||||
| Social skills | → | T2 internalizing problems | − .38 | .02 | − 18.65*** |
| Social skills | → | T2 externalizing problems | − .45 | .02 | − 22.75*** |
| Child adjustment | |||||
| T1 internalizing problems | → | T2 internalizing problems | .50 | .02 | 27.03*** |
| T1 externalizing problems | → | T2 externalizing problems | .39 | .02 | 21.30*** |
* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001