Table 3.

Results from spiked oral fluids obtained using LFIA, ELISA (n = 3).

Saliva	Spiked concentration (ng mL−1)	LFIAa				ELISAb
		Visual detectionc	Mean (ng mL−1)	Recovery (%)	RSDd (%)	Mean (ng mL−1)	Recovery (%)	RSDd (%)
1.	0	− − −	< LODe	–	–	< LODe	–	–
	10	± ± ±	11.2	112.0	9.3	13.1	131.0	6.6
	50	± ± ±	48.1	96.2	10.4	56.2	112.4	5.2
	100	+ + +	94.2	94.2	9.6	94.6	94.6	2.3
	500	+ + +	526.4	105.3	11.7	535.8	107.2	0.4
	1000	+ + +	1274.9	127.5	4.7	1063.6	106.4	2.5
2.	0	− − −	< LODe	–	–	< LODe	–	–
	10	± ± ±	8.6	86.0	7.6	8.2	82.0	3.8
	50	± ± ±	46.4	92.8	3.7	54.3	108.6	5.4
	100	+ + +	89.7	89.7	8.4	97.7	97.7	6.4
	500	+ + +	534.6	106.9	4.2	582.2	116.4	2.1
	1000	+ + +	1206.7	120.7	2.4	1070.7	107.1	1.3
3.	0	− − −	< LODe	–	–	< LODe	–	–
	10	± ± ±	9.3	93.0	7.7	9.4	94.0	4.2
	50	± ± ±	56.6	113.2	16.8	49.8	99.6	3.9
	100	+ + +	92.7	92.7	9.6	96.2	96.2	2.5
	500	+ + +	668.2	133.6	4.6	523.0	104.6	7.8
	1000	+ + +	1278.4	127.8	12.2	1027.7	102.8	2.6

^aBefore the LFIA, samples were appropriately diluted with the synthetic saliva to fall into the linear working range.

^bBefore the ELISA, samples were appropriately diluted with the assay buffer to fall into the linear working range.

^cVisual assessment of the test line; (–) negative result; (±) weakly positive result (the JWH-200 concentration in the range of 10–50 ng mL⁻¹;); (+) positive result (JWH-200 concentration >100 ng mL⁻¹).

^dRSD, relative standard deviation.

^eLOD, limit of detection.