Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population, n = 72
| Parameter | Mean ± S.D.a | Rangea | Reference valuesb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 39.5 ± 15.3 | 23–80 | n/a |
| Gender | n/a | 34 female, 38 male | n/a |
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 4.9 | 18.2–45.1 | < 25 normal weight, 25–30 overweight, > 30 obese |
| Plasma T2 (ms) | 764.4 ± 58.7 | 631–887 | ≥ 745.0c |
| Serum T2 (ms) | 818.4 ± 56.7 | 692–927 | ≥ 811.8c |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 90.9 ± 7.7 | 71–115 | < 100 non-diabetic 100–124 (pre-diabetic) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 4.7–6.2 | < 5.7 (non-diabetic) 5.7–6.4 (pre-diabetic) |
| Insulin C-peptide (ng/mL) | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 0.7–5.1 | 0.8–3.9 (> 2.85, IRd) |
| Insulin (μU/mL | 9.1 ± 6.0 | 2.2–40.1 | 2.0–19.6 (> 12.2, IRd) |
| Total serum protein (g/dL) | 7.1 ± 0.4 | 6.2–8.0 | 6.1–8.1 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 3.6–5.1 | 3.6–5.1 |
| Serum globulins (g/dL) | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 1.8–3.3 | 1.9–3.7 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 117.6 ± 60.0 | 42–321 | < 150 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 187.0 ± 41.0 | 97–291 | < 200 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53.3 ± 12.7 | 31–85 | ≥ 40 (male); ≥ 50 (female) |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 111.1 ± 34.7 | 42–191 | < 130 |
| WBC count (×103/μL) | 6.5 ± 1.6 | 3.9–11.2 | 3.8–10.8 |
| Neutrophil count (×103/μL) | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 1.8–7.3 | 1.5–7.8 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.3 ± 2.3 | 0.1–9.6 | < 3.0 (low-to-average CV risk) 3.0–10.0 (high CV risk) > 10.0 (infection/illness) |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.0 ± 2.7 | 131–146 | 135–146 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 3.5–4.8 | 3.5–5.3 |
| Total CO2, serum (mmol/L) | 24.0 ± 2.3 | 16–29 | 19–30 |
aAll blood samples were collected in the early morning after a 12-h overnight fast
bReference values from Quest Diagnostics and Atherotech, except where noted
cCutoff for normoglycemic population established in this study
dInsulin cutoff from McAuley et al. [26]; insulin C-peptide cutoff established by linear regression with inulin