Table 3.
Bivariate Huber correlation coefficients for water T2
| Biomarkera,b,c | n | Plasma water T2 | n | Serum water T2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin and glucose markers | ||||
| McAuley Indexd | 70 | + 0.64**** | 69 | + 0.70**** |
| Insulin C-peptide | 70 | − 0.65**** | 69 | − 0.45**** |
| HOMA-IRd (insulin c-peptide) | 70 | − 0.64**** | 69 | − 0.46**** |
| Insulin | 70 | − 0.57**** | 69 | − 0.60**** |
| HOMA-IRd (insulin) | 70 | − 0.56**** | 69 | − 0.58**** |
| QUICKId | 70 | + 0.60**** | 69 | + 0.57**** |
| FIRId | 70 | − 0.58**** | 69 | − 0.59**** |
| Glucose/insulin ratiod | 70 | + 0.55**** | 69 | +0.58**** |
| Glucose | 70 | − 0.28* | 69 | − 0.28* |
| HbA1c | 69 | − 0.54**** | 69 | − 0.43*** |
| Proinsulin | 42 | − 0.53*** | 43 | − 0.60*** |
| Protein, viscosity and liver function markers | ||||
| Total protein, serum | 69 | − 0.56**** | 68 | − 0.79**** |
| Serum globulins | 69 | − 0.53**** | 68 | − 0.65**** |
| Serum viscosity | 65 | − 0.30* | 67 | − 0.45*** |
| Total protein, plasma | 41 | − 0.55*** | 42 | − 0.72**** |
| Plasma globulins | 41 | − 0.66**** | 42 | − 0.69**** |
| Plasma viscosity | 51 | − 0.47*** | 52 | − 0.56**** |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | 52 | − 0.37** | 50 | − 0.35** |
| Lipid and lipoprotein markers | ||||
| Apolipoprotein B (apoB) | 70 | − 0.55**** | 69 | − 0.52**** |
| Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 70 | − 0.52**** | 69 | − 0.52**** |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | 70 | − 0.50**** | 69 | − 0.53**** |
| LDL/HDL ratio | 70 | − 0.54**** | 69 | − 0.58**** |
| Total cholesterol | 70 | − 0.50**** | 69 | − 0.51**** |
| LDL particle number (LDL-P) | 70 | − 0.52**** | 68 | − 0.54**** |
| Triglycerides (TG) | 70 | − 0.54**** | 69 | − 0.54**** |
| TG/HDL ratio | 70 | − 0.46**** | 69 | − 0.49**** |
| Phospholipids | 65 | − 0.44*** | 66 | − 0.41** |
| Very low-density lipoprotein-chol. (VLDL-C) | 63 | − 0.44*** | 62 | − 0.49**** |
| Intermediate-density lipoprotein-chol. (IDL-C) | 63 | − 0.39** | 62 | − 0.50**** |
| Remnant-cholesterol (Rem-C)e | 63 | − 0.44*** | 62 | − 0.53**** |
| Apo B/Apo A–I ratio | 63 | − 0.53**** | 62 | − 0.56**** |
| Inflammation and blood cell markers | ||||
| White blood cell count (WBC) | 69 | − 0.58**** | 68 | − 0.47**** |
| Neutrophil count | 69 | − 0.41*** | 68 | − 0.37** |
| Lymphocyte count | 69 | − 0.40*** | 68 | − 0.36** |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | 69 | − 0.51**** | 68 | − 0.31** |
| Serum % globulins | 69 | − 0.46**** | 68 | − 0.50**** |
| Plasma % globulins | 41 | − 0.56*** | 42 | − 0.45** |
| Fibrinogen | 43 | − 0.65**** | 44 | − 0.40** |
| Complement C3c | 40 | − 0.52*** | 41 | − 0.44** |
| Complement C4c | 40 | − 0.59**** | 41 | − 0.43** |
| Electrolyte markers | ||||
| Lactate | 41 | − 0.53*** | 42 | − 0.49*** |
| Anion Gap, uncorrected | 69 | − 0.55**** | 68 | − 0.43*** |
| Anion Gap, corrected for [albumin] | 68 | − 0.44*** | 67 | − 0.39*** |
| Cl− + CO2 (HCO3 −) | 69 | + 0.36** | 68 | + 0.30* |
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001
aAll blood samples were collected in the early morning following a 12-h overnight fast
bThis table includes only those biomarkers that were unambiguously correlated with both plasma and serum water T2. Results for markers that correlated with plasma or serum water T2, but not both, are discussed in the text and provided in Additional file 1: Tables S1 and S2. Ambiguous correlations are discussed in “Methods” section
cMany of the variables were natural-log transformed in order to meet the normality condition, an assumption inherent to the Pearson correlation. The correlation coefficients reported here and in Additional file 1: Tables S1 and S2 are for the ln-transformed variables, except the McAuley Index and QUICKI, as these indices are inherently ln-transformed. Other variables that were normally distributed and analyzed without ln transformation were plasma and serum T2, total serum and plasma protein, serum and plasma globulins and % globulins, serum and plasma viscosity, HbA1c, LDL-C, LDL-P, total C, apolipoprotein B, lymphocyte and platelet counts, lactate, and complement C3c
dAs defined elsewhere: McAuley Index [26], HOMA-IR [66, 67], FIRI [68], QUICKI [69], and G/I ratio [70]
eRemnant cholesterol is defined as intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) plus VLDL3, as determined using the vertical autoprofile method [71]