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. 2017 Dec 20;7:17884. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18202-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representation of every approach of the plots with the UAV. (a) Take-off directly above the plot, with in-flight distance of 15 or 30 m to the plot. Birds with chicks or eggs are noted as breeders, while others are noted as non-breeders. (b) Take-off 30 m away from the plot. Emphasize of the two approaches possible: from above (dashed line) and from below (full line). The final darker lines for both methods represent when the birds are most likely to see the UAV. As with a), the UAV can stop at either 15 or 30 m to take the picture, and the ratio of non-breeder is also noted.