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. 2017 Dec 20;8:2210. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02373-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Polarized distribution of VE-cadherin and actin in sprouting ECs in developing mice retinas. a Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) showing an overview of the front area of a whole-mounted P6 transgenic mouse retina expressing LifeAct-EGFP additionally immune stained with anti-VE-cadherin and anti-ERG antibodies; nuclei were stained with anti-ERG. Tip cell (arrowheads) and adjacent stalk cell (arrows) are indicated. Scale bar: 40 µm. b High-resolution SIM of selected areas 1–3, as indicated in the right panel of a. Shown is one z-plane. (Area 1) a characteristic tip cell with large actin-based filopodia and a cytosolic spotted VE-cadherin pattern. (Area 2) A tip cell/stalk cell junction at the cell pole of elongated cells identifies terminating actin filaments (arrow) and an interrupted VE-cadherin pattern (arrowhead). (Area 3) a stalk cell/stalk cell connection. VE-cadherin plaques are indicated at the cell poles (arrowheads) and a linear VE-cadherin pattern (empty arrowhead) at lateral junctions; parallel actin filaments are also visible. Scale bar: 5 µm. (Area 4) The cropped area depicts an actin-positive JAIL (dotted line, LifeAct-EGFP) with VE-cadherin plaques (dotted line, VE-cadherin staining). Scale bar: 2 µm. c P7 rat retina immune labelled with ARPC2 and VE-cadherin show increased ARPC2 at the cell poles (arrows). Scale bars in the left panels and right panels represent 50 and 15 µm, respectively. d Scheme illustrates the iterative dynamics of VE-cadherin interruption and JAIL formation leading to VE-cadherin plaques in sprouting ECs. The VE-cadherin dynamics was particularly pronounced at the cell poles, while the lateral junctions showed moderate dynamics