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. 2017 Dec 20;7:17926. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17120-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The characterization of Ppy deposited on ITO using electrochemical method. (A) morphology of ITO; (B) morphology of Ppy; The insert in A shows the morphology of IDE (both electrode width and spacing between the electrodes of IDEs was 500 μm). (C–F) The charge storage of Ppy IDE characterized by electrochemical measurements. (C) cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurement; (D) current-time curve collected with a pulses signal; (E) the charged charge-voltage curve of Ppy IDE calculated from the time integral of the current in D; (F) the charge-voltage curve at low voltage range. (G and H) showed the adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cell on ITO electrode and on Ppy electrode after 1 day of culture, respectively.