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. 2017 Dec 20;7:17926. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17120-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Typical FA and cytoskeleton immunofluorescence evolution of cells with daily stimulation time of 0.5 h/d (B), 1 h/d (C) and 24 h/d (D) after 2 days of culture. Cells were stained for the actin cytoskeleton (red), the FA protein vinculin (green), and cellular nuclei (blue). Quantitative analysis of the ratio of cytoplasmic to nuclear area (E) and of length to width of cytoplasm (F) according to the immunofluorescence staining. *p < 0.05. The morphologies of cells on Ppy IDE with no stimulation (G) and with the daily stimulation time of 0.5 h/d (H), 1 h/d (I) and 24 h/d (J) for 2 days of culture. The images share the same scale bar of 50 μm.