Table 2.
Risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) according to inhaled drug use.
| AMI (N = 11,054) | Control (N = 47,815) | Unadjusted | Adjusted 1) | Adjusted 2) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Model 1 | ||||||||||
| ICS, LABA | ||||||||||
| Neither ICS nor LABA | 9,433 | (85.3%) | 40,738 | (85.2%) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ICS without LABA | 134 | (1.2%) | 665 | (1.4%) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.05) | 0.132 | 0.87 (0.72, 1.06) | 0.157 | 0.88 (0.72, 1.07) | 0.187 |
| ICS with LABA | 1,377 | (12.5%) | 6,023 | (12.6%) | 1 (0.94, 1.07) | 0.984 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 0.808 | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) | 0.313 |
| LABA | 110 | (1.0%) | 389 | (0.8%) | 1.28 (1.03, 1.59) | 0.027 | 1.29 (1.04, 1.6) | 0.023 | 1.3 (1.05, 1.62) | 0.018 |
| LAMA | 717 | (6.5%) | 3,443 | (7.2%) | 0.91 (0.83, 0.99) | 0.036 | 0.91 (0.83, 0.99) | 0.033 | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) | 0.067 |
| SABA | 761 | (6.9%) | 2,832 | (5.9%) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | 0.001 | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | <0.001 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.32) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | ||||||||||
| ICS, LABA | ||||||||||
| Neither ICS nor LABA | 9,433 | (85.3%) | 40,738 | (85.2%) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ICS without LABA | 134 | (1.2%) | 665 | (1.4%) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.05) | 0.132 | 0.87 (0.72, 1.05) | 0.157 | 0.88 (0.72, 1.07) | 0.186 |
| ICS with LABA | 1,377 | (12.5%) | 6,023 | (12.6%) | 1 (0.94, 1.07) | 0.984 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 0.810 | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) | 0.313 |
| LABA | 110 | (1.0%) | 389 | (0.8%) | 1.28 (1.03, 1.59) | 0.027 | 1.29 (1.04, 1.6) | 0.023 | 1.3 (1.05, 1.62) | 0.018 |
| LAMA SMI | 33 | (0.3%) | 138 | (0.3%) | 1.08 (0.73, 1.59) | 0.706 | 1.04 (0.71, 1.54) | 0.833 | 1.05 (0.71, 1.55) | 0.816 |
| LAMA DPI | 685 | (6.2%) | 3,314 | (6.9%) | 0.9 (0.82, 0.99) | 0.025 | 0.9 (0.82, 0.99) | 0.024 | 0.91 (0.83, 0.99) | 0.0498 |
| SABA | 761 | (6.9%) | 2,832 | (5.9%) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | 0.001 | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | <0.001 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.32) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | ||||||||||
| ICS | 148 | (1.3%) | 714 | (1.5%) | 0.89 (0.74, 1.07) | 0.213 | 0.90 (0.75, 1.08) | 0.264 | 0.91 (0.76, 1.09) | 0.303 |
| LABA | 118 | (1.1%) | 412 | (0.9%) | 1.30 (1.06, 1.61) | 0.013 | 1.31 (1.06, 1.61) | 0.012 | 1.32 (1.07, 1.63) | 0.011 |
| ICS/LABA | 1,375 | (12.4%) | 6,022 | (12.6%) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 0.969 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 0.820 | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) | 0.321 |
| LAMA | 717 | (6.5%) | 3,443 | (7.2%) | 0.91 (0.83, 0.99) | 0.036 | 0.91 (0.83, 0.99) | 0.033 | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) | 0.066 |
| SABA | 761 | (6.9%) | 2,832 | (5.9%) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | 0.001 | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | <0.001 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.32) | <0.001 |
| Model 4 | ||||||||||
| None or SABA only | 8,995 | (81.4%) | 38,603 | (80.7%) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ICS only | 125 | (1.1%) | 607 | (1.3%) | 0.88 (0.72, 1.07) | 0.190 | 0.88 (0.72, 1.08) | 0.222 | 0.89 (0.73, 1.09) | 0.262 |
| LABA only | 106 | (1.0%) | 346 | (0.7%) | 1.38 (1.1, 1.72) | 0.005 | 1.39 (1.11, 1.73) | 0.004 | 1.4 (1.12, 1.76) | 0.003 |
| LAMA only | 453 | (4.1%) | 2,186 | (4.6%) | 0.91 (0.81, 1.01) | 0.076 | 0.91 (0.81, 1.01) | 0.085 | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | 0.144 |
| ICS + LABA | 1,111 | (10.1%) | 4,816 | (10.1%) | 1 (0.93, 1.08) | 0.957 | 1 (0.93, 1.08) | 0.954 | 1.03 (0.95, 1.11) | 0.510 |
| ICS + LAMA | 9 | (0.1%) | 58 | (0.1%) | 0.66 (0.33, 1.35) | 0.258 | 0.66 (0.33, 1.35) | 0.257 | 0.67 (0.33, 1.37) | 0.271 |
| LABA + LAMA | 4 | (0.0%) | 43 | (0.1%) | 0.4 (0.14, 1.14) | 0.085 | 0.4 (0.14, 1.13) | 0.085 | 0.4 (0.14, 1.16) | 0.092 |
| ICS + LABA + LAMA | 251 | (2.3%) | 1,156 | (2.4%) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.09) | 0.459 | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) | 0.399 | 0.98 (0.84, 1.13) | 0.750 |
1Adjusted by other inhaled medication.
2Adjusted by other inhaled medication, age, other chronic respiratory disease, chronic kidney disease or dialysis, dyslipidemia, number of hospitalization, number of outpatient visit, number of ER visit, concomitant medication of ACEI/ARB, beta-blocker, statin, aspirin, thiazide, CCB.