Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline, grouped by estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria.
| eGFR(ml/min/1.73 m2) | Proteinuria | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥90 (n = 2362) | 60–89 (n = 4360) | 45–60 (n = 1215) | <45 (n = 364) | P for trend | No (n = 7383) | Yes (n = 918) | P | |
| Age (years) | 52.35(8.95) | 56.85(10.17) | 61.2(11.20) | 59.77(12.61) | <0.01 | 56.16(10.47) | 57.74(10.97) | <0.01 |
| Gender (% Men) | 2049(86.75) | 3550(81.42) | 918(75.56) | 277(76.10) | <0.01 | 6031(81.69) | 763(83.12) | 0.29 |
| Illiteracy/Primary education, n (%) | 212(9.34) | 534(12.77) | 229(19.67) | 67(19.09) | <0.01 | 905(12.76) | 137(15.64) | 0.03 |
| Income level <800 (¥) | 1972(86.87) | 3555(85.03) | 1009(86.61) | 306(87.43) | 0.91 | 6100(86.01) | 742(84.90) | 0.36 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 772(33.76) | 1334(31.49) | 268(22.75) | 88(24.79) | <0.01 | 2208(30.79) | 254(28.67) | 0.14 |
| Current drinking, n (%) | 838(36.64) | 1383(32.63) | 254(21.54) | 77(21.69) | <0.01 | 2309(32.19) | 243(27.43) | <0.01 |
| Frequent physical activity, n (%) | 291(12.81) | 912(21.86) | 267(23.00) | 64(18.29) | <0.01 | 1360(19.20) | 174(19.93) | 0.25 |
| High salt intake, n (%) | 247(10.87) | 461(11.04) | 111(9.54) | 40(11.43) | 0.56 | 775(10.94) | 84(9.61) | 0.27 |
| Family history of MI, n (%) | 40(1.69) | 92(2.11) | 14(1.15) | 3(0.82) | 0.18 | 135(1.83) | 14(1.53) | 0.51 |
| Family history of stroke, n (%) | 92(3.90) | 208(4.77) | 51(4.20) | 10(2.75) | 0.85 | 325(4.40) | 36(3.92) | 0.50 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1304(55.21) | 2684(61.56) | 892(73.42) | 269(73.90) | <0.01 | 4443(60.18) | 706(76.91) | <0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1159(49.07) | 2267(52.00) | 668(54.98) | 241(66.21) | <0.01 | 3774(51.12) | 561(61.11) | <0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 6(0.25) | 28(0.64) | 15(1.23) | 5(1.37) | <0.01 | 40(0.54) | 14(1.53) | <0.01 |
| Use of antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 316(13.38) | 864(19.82) | 325(26.75) | 83(22.80) | <0.01 | 1366(18.5) | 222(24.18) | <0.01 |
| Use of lowering lipid drugs, n (%) | 31(1.31) | 94(2.16) | 38(3.13) | 12(3.30) | <0.01 | 150(2.03) | 25(2.72) | 0.17 |
| Use of antidiabetes drugs, n (%) | 408(17.27) | 1125(25.80) | 334(27.49) | 90(24.73) | <0.01 | 1739(23.55) | 218(23.75) | 0.90 |
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | 78.51(11.73) | 76.46(11.01) | 76.80(11.72) | 77.73(11.10) | <0.01 | 76.76(10.97) | 80.33(13.72) | <0.01 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.34(2.90) | 9.34(3.06) | 9.56(3.23) | 9.76(3.29) | 0.01 | 9.29(3.01) | 10.22(3.28) | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.99(3.52) | 26.20(3.46) | 26.36(3.46) | 26.21(3.52) | 0.01 | 26.12(3.46) | 26.52(3.66) | <0.01 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 135.51(20.22) | 138.92(21.50) | 145.75(23.37) | 145.16(21.74) | <0.01 | 138.23(21.31) | 147.12(23.28) | <0.01 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.75(11.56) | 86.18(12.16) | 88.24(12.78) | 87.59(13.06) | <0.01 | 85.94(11.90) | 90.29(13.43) | <0.01 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.20(1.88) | 2.17(1.81) | 2.27(1.71) | 3.48(3.03) | <0.01 | 2.20(1.86) | 2.68(2.18) | <0.01 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.16(1.30) | 5.23(1.22) | 5.16(1.41) | 5.29(2.16) | <0.01 | 5.18(1.29) | 5.37(1.59) | <0.01 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.27(1.05) | 2.46(0.98) | 2.59(0.97) | 2.58(0.87) | <0.01 | 2.43(0.99) | 2.39(1.09) | 0.34 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.55(0.44) | 1.55(0.43) | 1.62(0.44) | 1.62(0.46) | <0.01 | 1.56(0.43) | 1.59(0.47) | 0.05 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 261.99(81.79) | 283.76(83.19) | 292.88(85.49) | 327.00(126.25) | <0.01 | 278.87(85.09) | 296.22(97.67) | <0.01 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 3.39(8.20) | 3.18(9.71) | 3.09(6.96) | 3.14(6.96) | 0.33 | 3.04(8.42) | 4.75(11.44) | <0.01 |
| Scr (μmol/L) | 68.88(13.85) | 93.97(12.67) | 117.62(14.77) | 197.98(23.64) | <0.01 | 94.11(39.20) | 100.78(42.86) | <0.01 |
Abbreviation: eGFR = estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; MI = Myocardial Infarction; FPG = Fasting Plasma Glucose; BMI = Body Mass Index; SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP = Diastolic Blood Pressure; TG = Triglycerides; TC = Total Cholesterol; LDL = Low Density Lipoprotein; HDL = High Density Lipoprotein; UA = Uric Acid; CRP = C-Reactive Protein; Scr = Serum creatinine.