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. 2017 Dec 20;7:17923. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18054-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phylogeny of HA genes of H9N2 strains of different clades. The scale bar represents a 1% nucleotide change. H9N2 strain labeled with black triangle was used for virus rescue and TM-replacement. H9N2 strains labeled with black squares were used in HI test and challenge assay.