Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2017 Dec 11;5(4):217–223. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1608951

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — Key elements of the inflammatory-fibrotic cascade underlying shoulder stiffness (SS), which may allow to hypothesize an underlying metabolic/pro-inflammatory systemic condition, characterized by TNF-α/TGF-β hyperexpression. Abbreviations: HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; IL: interleukin; MMP: matrix metalloproteinases; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; TIMP, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.