Table 1.

Framework of NCDs control and prevention in Japan

Development	Unhealthy lifestyle →	Risk status →	NCDs →	Rehabilitation
Focuses	Overeating Smoking/Drinking Not exercising Living with stress	Overweight High blood pressure High blood glucose High TC	Cancers Diabetes CVDs Stroke
Actions	Health Japan 21	Specific health check/guidance Cancer screening	Surveillance Treatment	Self-care Long-term care
Systems	A national health promotion & disease prevention initiative	A mass screening program	Cancer registry Healthcare system  • Health insurance  • Health care delivery	Long-term care system
Acts/Laws	Health Promotion Act	Act on Assurance of Medical Care for the Elderly Health Promotion Act	Cancer Registration Promotion Act National Health Insurance Act Act on Assurance of Medical Care for the Elderly	The Long-term Care Insurance Act