Table 3. Discrimination measures for the two dimensions obtained by multiple correspondence analysis, for the total sample of patients and subsamples related to the type of ventilatory support. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 2016.
| Defining characteristics | Total (N*=626) | IMV † (n=175) | NIMV ‡ (n=128) | SV§ (n=323) | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| Nasal flaring | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.018 | 0.020 | 0.147 |
| Use of three-point position | 0.054 | 0.007 | 0.071 | 0.158 | 0.001 | 0.018 | 0.016 | 0.055 |
| Increase in anterior-posterior chest diameter | 0.014 | 0.006 | 0.124 | 0.069 | 0.000 | 0.027 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Orthopnea | 0.208 | 0.011 | 0.150 | 0.009 | 0.236 | 0.045 | 0.282 | 0.133 |
| Altered chest excursion | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.003 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Prolonged expiration phase | 0.008 | 0.017 | 0.034 | 0.020 | 0.008 | 0.039 | 0.046 | 0.012 |
| Alterations in repertory rate | 0.266 | 0.324 | 0.510 | 0.022 | 0.488 | 0.198 | 0.502 | 0.031 |
| Decrease in inspiratory pressure | 0.483 | 0.101 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.027 | 0.595 |
| Decrease in expiratory pressure | 0.487 | 0.099 | -- | -- | 0.061 | 0.000 | 0.027 | 0.595 |
| Apprehensiveness | 0.032 | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.129 |
| Decrease in cooperation | 0.179 | 0.230 | 0.038 | 0.573 | 0.082 | 0.550 | 0.120 | 0.000 |
| Increase in heart rate | 0.320 | 0.399 | 0.541 | 0.083 | 0.637 | 0.207 | 0.529 | 0.031 |
| Increased restlessness | 0.197 | 0.155 | 0.119 | 0.401 | 0.059 | 0.611 | 0.175 | 0.000 |
| Altered arterial blood gases | 0.375 | 0.025 | 0.246 | 0.084 | 0.256 | 0.090 | 0.158 | 0.075 |
| Decrease in SaO2 || | 0.353 | 0.095 | 0.095 | 0.152 | 0.083 | 0.078 | 0.047 | 0.224 |
| Increased metabolic rate | 0.333 | 0.387 | 0.536 | 0.080 | 0.669 | 0.200 | 0.505 | 0.033 |
| Use of accessory muscles to breathe | 0.155 | 0.240 | 0.434 | 0.115 | 0.097 | 0.259 | 0.141 | 0.002 |
| Fatigue | 0.088 | 0.117 | 0.311 | 0.067 | 0.004 | 0.042 | 0.064 | 0.026 |
| Cyanosis of the skin, lips or extremities | 0.137 | 0.014 | 0.273 | 0.012 | 0.027 | 0.008 | 0.053 | 0.023 |
| Drumming of fingers | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.036 | 0.004 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Abdominal paradoxical respiratory pattern | 0.072 | 0.026 | 0.036 | 0.020 | 0.050 | 0.002 | 0.117 | 0.055 |
| Alterations in tidal volume | 0.341 | 0.050 | 0.070 | 0.047 | 0.080 | 0.001 | 0.043 | 0.107 |
| Altered ventilation/perfusion ratio | 0.350 | 0.025 | 0.333 | 0.141 | 0.303 | 0.046 | 0.135 | 0.027 |
| Hypoxia | 0.220 | 0.161 | 0.036 | 0.572 | 0.303 | 0.362 | 0.122 | 0.016 |
| Dyspnea | 0.130 | 0.015 | 0.074 | 0.007 | 0.135 | 0.040 | 0.271 | 0.135 |
| Total active | 4.81 | 2.52 | 4.07 | 2.64 | 3.59 | 2.85 | 3.47 | 2.45 |
| Percentage of variance | 19.2 | 10.0 | 17.7 | 11.4 | 15.6 | 12.3 | 14.4 | 10.2 |
| Cronbach’s alpha | 0.82 | 0.62 | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.75 | 0.67 | 0.74 | 0.61 |
*Number of patients; †Invasive mechanical ventilation; ‡Non-invasive mechanical ventilation; §Spontaneous ventilation; ||Arterial oxygen saturation