Table 3.
Study Characteristics.
| First Author (Year) | Total No. of Patients | Stage | Chemotherapy Protocol | Herbs Fully Disclosed | Proprietary Formula | Herbal Formula Name (Manufacturer) | Herbal Ingredients | Risk of Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen J (2010)101 | 40 | Dukes’ B, Dukes’ C, Dukes’ D | FOLFOX 4 (L-OHP + Leucovorin + 5FU) | Yes | No | 健脾益气养血方 | Radix Codonopsis pilosula, Radix Actractylodis alba, Radix Rhemanniae preparatum, Radix Angelica sinensis, Radix Paeonia alba, Caulis Spatholobus suberectus, Rhizoma Pinellia ternata, Pericarpium Citrus riticulata, Endothelium Gallus gallus domesticus, Radix Polygonatum sibiricum, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Radix Dioscorea opposita, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Polyporus umbellatus, Fructus Cornus officinalis, Herba Agrimonia pilosa, Herba Hedyotiolis diffusa, Rhizoma Glycyrrhiza glabra | High |
| Chen L (2001)102 | 83 | Dukes’ B, Dukes’ C | 5FU + Mitomycin | No | Yes | 复方扶芳藤合剂 (广西中医学院制药厂) | Herba Euonymus fortuna, Radix Panax ginseng, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, etc. (ingredients not fully disclosed) | High |
| Chen XD (2005)103 | 93 | II, III, IV | LLF (L-OHP + Leucovorin + 5FU) | No | No | 复方丹参滴丸 | Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix et Rhizoma Panax notoginseng, Borneolum | High |
| Gao HD (2005)104 | 71 | Dukes B, C1, C2 | 5FU + Leucovorin | No | Yes | 贞 芪 扶 正 胶 囊 | Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Fructus Ligustricum lucidum | High |
| Hu AM (2006)78 | 50 | IV | FOLFOX (L-OHP + CF + 5FU) | No | No | 中药口服 | Radix Panax Ginseng, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephala, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhiza uralensis honey fried, Radix Rehmannia Glutinosa, Radix Paeonia Lactiflora, Radix Angelica Sinensis, Radix Ligusticum shuanxiong, Fructus Crataegus, fried Fructus Oryza Sativa germinatus, Fructus Hordeum germinatum, Fructus Cardamomum, with additions for symptoms | High |
| Huang ZF (2005)82 | 61 | Dukes’ B, Dukes’ C, Dukes’ D | 5FU + CF + Carmustine (MeCCNU) | Yes | Yes | 健脾消积汤 (自拟) | Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Pericarpium Citrus reticulata, Herba Hedyotidis diffusa, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Fructus Aurantium immaturis, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Fructus Hordeum vulgaris | Moderate |
| Jia XQ (2000)105 | 56 | I, II, III | 5FU | Yes | No | 双养汤基本方 | Base prescription: Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Radix Angelica sinensis, Radix Paeonia lactiflora, Gelatinum Equus asinus, Pericarpium Citrus reticulata, Caulis Bambusa breviflora, Fructus Amomum villosum, with additions for symptoms | High |
| Li YJ (1999)91 | 96 | III, IV | 5FU + DXM + Mitomycin | Yes | No | 中药灌肠 | Herba Hedyotiolis diffusa, Radix Actinidia arguta，Fructus Mume, Herba Scutellaria barbatae, Caulis Sargentodoxa cuneata, Herba Solanum nigrum，Radix Pulsatillae chinensis, Radix Sophora flavescentis, Fructus Gleditsia sinensis, Radix Sanguisorba officinalis | High |
| Liu H (2001)88 | 67 | IV | 5FU + Leucovorin + Cisplatin | Yes | Yes | 抗瘤升白片 (湖南中医学院第一附属医院) | Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Radix Codonopsis pilosula, Radix Angelica sinensis, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Gelatinum Equus asinus, Radix Panix notoginseng, Squama Manitis pentadactyla, Caulis Millettia Reticulata, Carapax Amyda sinensis, Herba Houttuynia cordata | High |
| Liu J (2005)70 | 78 | Not specified, post-surgical resection | Oxaliplatin + CF + FUDR | No | No | 健脾活血中药 | Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Radix Codonopsis pilosula, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Rhizoma Sparganum stoloniferum, Rhizoma Curcuma ezhu, Radix Ligusticum chuanxiong, Gecko, Lumbricus | Low |
| Liu J (2005)77 | 64 | IV | Oxaliplatin + Calcium folinate + Loxuridine | No | No | 健脾活血中药 | Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Rhizoma Sparganum stoloniferum, Rhizoma Curcuma ezhu, Radix Liguticum chuanxiong, Gecko, Lumbricus | High |
| Liu JA (2000)106 | 154 | I, II, III | MFA (Mitomycin + 5FU + Doxorubicin) | Yes | No | 脾肾防 | Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Radix Codonopsis pilosula, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Pericarpium Citrus reticulata, Fructus Ligustrum lucidum, Fructus Lycium barbarum, Fructus Psoralea corylifolia, Semen Cuscuta chinensis, Radix Glycyrrhiza uralensis | High |
| Luo L (2006)107 | 101 | II, III | 5FU + CF or OXA + 5FU + CF | No | Yes | 扶正胶囊, 祛邪胶囊 (中国中医科学院西苑医院药剂科) |
Fu Zheng Capsule: Radix Panax ginseng, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Radix Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Semen Myristica fragrantis, Pericarpium Citrus reticulatae, Radix Aucklandia Lappa, fried Fructus Hordeum vulgaris, Endothelium Corneum Gallus gallus domesticus
Quxie capsule: Semen Croton tiglium, Fructus Evodia rutaecarpa, Rhizoma Zingiberis officinalis, Cortex Cinnamomum cassia, Radix Aconitum carmichaeli, Rhizoma Pinellia ternata, Pars Rubra picarpium, Fructus Citrus japonica |
High |
| Ma J (2005)93 | 53 | Dukes’ B, Dukes’ C | CF + 5FU, CF + 5FU + L-OHP | Yes | Yes | 健脾消瘤方(自拟) | Radix Codonopsis pilosula, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Fructus Akebia, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Rhizoma Smilax chinensis, Rhizoma Curcuma ezhu, Tuber Curcuma longa, Rhizoma Smilax glabra, Caulis Vitis vinifera (wild grapevine), Scolopendra subspinipes, Gecko, Concha Arca, Radix Semiaquilegia, Rhizoma Polygonatum, Fructus Cornus officinalis, Herba Epimedium grandiflorum, Semen Cuscuta chinensis | High |
| Niu CF (2003)89 | 65 | Not specified, post-surgical resection | MeF(V) (5FU + Semustine + Oncovin) | No | No | 扶正祛邪汤 | Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Radix Panax quinquefolium, Ganoderma lucidum, Radix et Rhizoma Panax notoginseng, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Rhizoma Atractylodes alba, Rhizoma Polygonum tataricis, Fructus Ficus carica, Sclerotium Polyporus umbellatum, Rhizoma Iphigenia indica, Rhizoma Menispermus dauricus, Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, Herba cum Radix Patrinia scabiosaefolia, with additions for symptoms | High |
| Pan MQ (2003)108 | 83 | I, II, III | 5FU + Leucovorin | No | No | 益气调腑汤 | Radix Panax quinqfolium, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Fructus Aurantium immaturis, Rhizoma Cyperus rotundus, Radix Aucklandia lappa, Fructus Amomum, Fructus Crataegus, Radix et Rhizoma Rheum palmatum, Herba Salvia chinensis, Herba cum Radix Patrinia, Radix Glycyrrhiza uralensis | High |
| Shu JH (2011)81 | 90 | IV | CapeOX (L-OHP + Capecitabine) | Yes | No | 益气解毒汤 | Radix Panax ginseng, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Radix Atractylodes alba, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Rhizoma Pinellia ternata, Pericarpium Citrus reticulata, Herba Agrimonia eupatorium, Spica Prunella vulgaris, Herba Hedyotis diffusa, Rhizoma Lyratum septemlobus, Herba Scutellaria barbata, Cortex Moutan radicis, Herba Duchesne indica, Rhizoma Glycyrrhiza glabra | High |
| Song CY (2012)109 | 58 | Dukes’ C | FOLFOX (L-OHP + Leucovorin + 5FU) | Yes | No | 四君子汤 | Radix Codonopsis pilosula, Radix Actrylodes alba, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Radix Dioscorea opposita, Endothelium Gallus Gallus domesticus, Fructus Zizyphus jujuba | High |
| Tan XY (2006)110 | 68 | IV | L-OHP + CF + 5FU | No | Yes | 康赛迪胶囊aka复方斑蝥胶囊(贵州益佰制药股份有限公司) | Mylabris, Spina Acanthopanax senticosus, Rhizoma Sparganium stoloniferum, Rhizoma Curcuma ezhu, Herba Scutellaria barbata, Radix Panax ginseng, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Vesica Fellea ursi, Fructus Ligustricum lucidum, Fructus Cornus officinalis, Radix Glycyrrhiza uralensis | High |
| Wang HZ (2000)85 | 98 | III, IV | 5FU + Leucovorin | Yes | Yes | Mutouhui Glycoside Pill(河南省人民医) | Radix Patrinia Heterophylla seu Scabra | High |
| Wang WP (2003)111 | 80 | Dukes’ B, Dukes’ C | CF + 5FU, MF (MMC + 5FU), or FUL (5FU + levamisole) | No | No | 复方肠安泰 | Radix Actinidia chinensis, Caulis Millettia reticulatae, Squama Mantis pentadactyla | High |
| Wu GL (2010)80 | 58 | Dukes’ A, Dukes’ B, Dukes’ C, Dukes’ D | FOLFOX 4 (L-OHP + Leucovorin + 5FU) | No | Yes | 扶脾益胃方 (浙江大学医学院附属第一医院中药制剂室) | Herba Dendrobium nobile, Rhizoma Atractylodes chinensis, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Rhizoma Pinellia ternata, Radix Dioscorea opposita, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Semen Alpinia katsumadai, Herba Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Radix Paeonia alba, Herba Agastaches rugosus | Moderate |
| Wu JY (2003)112 | 216 | III, IV | FAM | No | No | 岩舒注射液 | Radix Sophora Flavescentus | High |
| Xiao H (2011)79 | 45 | I – IV | FOLFOX 4 | Yes | Yes | 加味四君子汤 (无锡中天天然药物有限公司) | Radix Codonopsis pilosula, Radix Atractylodes alba, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Pericarpium Citrus reticulata, Rhizoma Pinellia ternata, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Caulis Sargentodoxa cuneatae, Herba Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Herba Hedyotis diffusa, Rhizoma Glycyrrhiza glabra, Fructus Crataegus pinnatifida, Massa Fermanta preparatum, Fructus Setaria germinatus, Fructus Hordeum germinatus | High |
| Xiao ZQ (1998)113 | 75 | III， IV | 5FU + MMC | No | Yes | 复元口服液 (广西中医学院第二附属医院制剂室) | Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Radix Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Rhizoma Polygonatum sibiricum, Radix Rehmannia glutinosa, Placenta Hominis, Radix et Caulis Jixueteng, Radix Paeonia rubra, Rhizoma Paris polyphylla, Herba Hedyotis diffusa, Pericarpium Citrus reticulata, Endothelium Corneum Gallus gallus domesticus, Sclerotium Poria cocos | High |
| Xu YQ (2006)92 | 52 | Dukes’ D | 5FU + L-OHP, or HCPT + 5FU + L-OHP | Yes | No | 扶正化瘀解毒散 | Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Semen Sinapis alba, Radix Patrinia heterophyllae seu scabra, Rhizoma Curcuma ezhu, Radix et Caulis Jixueteng, Herba Agrimonia pilosae, Herba hedyotis diffusa, Radix Pueraria lobata, with additions for symptoms. | High |
| Yang QR (2001)114 | 72 | Dukes’ B, Dukes’ C, Dukes’ D | LDLV/FP (5FU + Leucovorin + Adriamycin) | No | Yes | 扶固液 (厦门市中医院) | Herba Anoectochilus formosanus, Radix Panax ginseng, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Fructus Cornus officinalis, Fructus Lycium barbaratum, Fructus Ligustricum lucidum, Squama Manitis pentadactyla, Herba Epimedium grandiflorum, Radix Dioscorea oppositae, etc. (ingredients not fully disclosed) | High |
| Yang X (2006)115 | 43 | III, IV | L-OHP + CF/LV + 5FU | No | No | 中药煎剂灌肠 | Enema: Caulis Sargentodoxa cuneata, Radix et Rhizoma Panax notoginseng, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Herba hedyotidis diffusa, Radix Paeonia lactiflora | High |
| Yang ZY (2005)83 | 60 | III | 5FU + Leucovorin + Oxaliplatin | Yes | Yes | 血塞通注射液(昆明制药集团股份有限公司), 黄芪注射液(成都地奥九泓制药厂), 参麦注射液(雅安三九药业有限公司), 口服中药 | Radix Codonopsis pilosula, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Radix Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Radix Dioscorea opposita, Fructus Amomum villosum, Radix Aucklandia lappa, Cortex Magnolia officinalis, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Fried Fructus Hordeum vulgaris, Fried Fructus Oryza sativa germinatus, Massa Fermentata, Endothelium Corneum Gallus gallus domesticus, Fructus Crataegus pinnatifida | High |
| Yu GY (2005)116 | 58 | IIII， IV | OLF (5FU + HCPT + Oxaliplatin) | No | Yes | 扶脾益胃饮煎剂 (浙江大学医学院附属第一医院中药制剂室) | Herba Dendrobium nobile, Rhizoma Atractylodis alba, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Rhizoma Pinellia ternatae, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Radix Dioscorea opposita, Semen Myristica fragrantis, Herba Gynostemma pentaphyllum | High |
| Yu Y (2006)84 | 54 | Dukes’ B, C1, C2 | 5FU + Leucovorin + Cisplatin | Yes | No | 扶正固本汤 | Radix Codonopsis Pilulosa, Radix Astragalus membranaceous, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Radix Atractylodes alba, Herba Epimedium grandiflorum, Gelatinum Cornu Cervi, Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, Caulis Millettia reticulata, Pericarpium Citrus reticulata, Rhizoma Pinellia ternata, Rhizoma Zingiberis officinalis, Radix Rehmannia glutinosae, Fructus Ligustrum lucidum, Plastrum testudinis | High |
| Zeng JY (2010)72 | 104 | II, III | 5FU + Cisplatin | Yes | No | 消瘤汤 |
Radix Codonopsis pilosulae, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Placenta Hominis, Radix et Rhizoma Panax notoginseng, Caulis et Folium Euonymus fortuneum, Bulbus Tulipa, Herba Scutellaria barbata, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Rhizoma Glycyrrhiza glabra |
Low |
| Zhang JW (2004)86 | 103 | Dukes’ B，Dukes’ C | HLF (calcium folinate + 5FU + H-CPT) | No | Yes | 艾迪注射液(贵州益佰制药有限责任公司) | Radix Panax ginseng, Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Radix Eleutherococcus senticosus, Mylabiris cichoi | High |
| Zhang Q (2010)71 | 120 | III, IV | FOLFOX 4 (L-OHP + CV + 5FU) | No | Yes | 固本消瘤胶囊 (首都医科大学附属北京中医医院院内制剂) | Cordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Herba Epimedium grandiflorum, Semen Coix lachryma-jobi, Hirudo, Scorpio, Buthus martensii, Herba Solanum nigrum, Bulbus Fritillaria thunbergii | Low |
| Zhao WS (2006)117 | 80 | III, IV | L-OHP + CF + 5FU | Yes | No | 加味升血汤 | Fresh Radix Astragalus membranaceus, Radix Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Radix et Caulis Jixueteng, Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, Sclerotium Poria cocos, Fructus Lycium barbarum, Fructus Ligustrum lucidum, Semen Cuscuta chinensis, Fructus Psoralea corylifolia, Radix Paeonia rubra, Hirudo seu Whitmania | High |
| Zhu WR (2005)90 | 58 | Dukes’ B2, C | Intraperitoneal 5FU + cisplatin | Yes | Yes | 参脉注射液 | Radix Panax ginseng, Tuber Ophiopogonis japonicus | High |