Table 6.

Unadjusted and adjusted RRRs related to ownership (versus non-ownership) of large livestock, small livestock and poultry, and categorised numbers of animals owned within each group, for medium and high contamination categories in comparison to the no contamination category in Nepal. N = 1492 (unadjusted) and N = 1448 (adjusted).

Livestock type	Ownership status/number owned	1–31 CFU		>31 CFU		1–31 CFU		>31 CFU
		Unadjusted RRR (95% CI)	p-value	Unadjusted RRR (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted RRRa (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted RRRa (95% CI)	p-value
Large	Non-owner	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
	Owner	1.9 (1.3–2.7)	0.001*	2.7 (1.9–4.0)	<0.001*	1.0 (0.7–1.6)	0.95	1.3 (0.8–2.0)	0.31
Small	Non-owner	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
	Owner	1.6 (1.1–2.3)	0.01*	2.0 (1.3–2.9)	0.001*	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	0.57	0.9 (0.5–1.4)	0.53
Poultry	Non-owner	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
	Owner	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	0.50	1.7 (1.1–2.7)	0.01*	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	0.12	0.8 (0.5–1.4)	0.46
Large	0	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
	1–4	1.9 (1.3–2.7)	0.001*	2.7 (1.8–3.9)	<0.001*	1.0 (0.7–1.6)	0.87	1.2 (0.8–1.9)	0.32
	5+	1.8 (0.9–3.6)	0.11	3.3 (1.6–6.8)	0.002*	0.90 (0.4–2.0)	0.78	1.3 (0.6–3.1)	0.53
Small	0	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
	1–4	1.7 (1.2–2.6)	0.007*	1.8 (1.2–2.8)	0.006*	1.0 (0.6–1.6)	0.97	0.8 (0.5–1.3)	0.43
	5+	1.3 (0.7–2.3)	0.35	2.4 (1.4–4.0)	0.002*	0.6 (0.3–1.3)	0.19	0.9 (0.5–1.8)	0.85
Poultry	0	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
	1–7	1.3 (0.8–2.1)	0.33	1.8 (1.1–2.9)	0.01*	0.7 (0.4–1.3)	0.26	0.8 (0.5–1.4)	0.47
	8+	1.0 (0.5–1.8)	0.95	1.7 (0.9–3.0)	0.10	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	0.14	0.8 (0.4–1.7)	0.64

Ref = reference category. *Statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). ^aAdjusted for water source, presence of improved sanitation, water storage status and wealth quintile, but not other livestock ownership categories.