Figure 5. Applications for metal nanoisland-graphene composites in energy storage and transport.

(a) An SEM micrograph shows gold-graphene sandwiches used for polarization-dependent generation of photocurrent (scale bar 40 nm). (b) The photocurrent of graphene is controlled using the geometry of the gold nanoparticle patterns and polarization is depicted. (a) and (b) reprinted with permission from reference²⁷. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society. (c) An SEM micrograph of lithographically patterned gold nanowires (AuNW) on graphene is shown (scale bar 1μm). (d) The polarization dependent plasmon enhancement of photocurrent in graphene due to AuNWs is shown. (c) and (d) reprinted with permission from reference⁶⁹. Copyright 2011, Nature Publishing Group. (e) Nanosphere lithography has been used to fabricate gold bowtie antennae on graphene (AuBT-Gr) as shown by SEM micrograph. (f) AuBT-Gr substrates have exhibited a highly sensitive time response for photocurrent as shown in (f), which shows great promise in photodetector applications. (e) and (f) reprinted with permission from reference⁶⁷. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. (g) An SEM micrograph shows cubic lattices of gold nanoislands can patterned on graphene with superlative control of spacing (scale bar 400 nm). (h) Control of the spacing in gold nanoparticle patterns allows for the tuning of photocurrent enhancement over a wide variety of wavelengths, as depicted by the absorption spectra in (h). (g) And (h) reprinted with permission from reference³. Copyright 2011, Nature Publishing Group. The nanoparticle spacing in (h) is 18 nm (green), 50 nm (orange), 100 nm (yellow) and 400 nm (red).