Table 2. The chemical reactions of muscle phosphagen and glycolytic energy systems*.
Reaction | Enzyme | ΔH+ |
---|---|---|
Phosphagen System | ||
HCrP + ADP + H+ ↔ Cr + ATP | Creatine kinase | +1 |
ADP + ADP ↔ ATP + AMP | Adenylate kinase | 0 |
AMP + H+ ↔ IMP + NH4 | AMP deaminase | +1 |
ATP + H2O ↔ ADP + Pi +H+ | ATPase | -1 |
Glycogenolysis | ||
Glycogen(n) + HP ↔ Glycogen(n-1) + G1P | Phosphorylase | 0 |
G1P ↔ G6P | Phosphogluco mutase | 0 |
Glycolysis | ||
Glucose + ATP ↔ G6P + ADP + H+ | Hexokinase | -1 |
G6P ↔ F6P | Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase | 0 |
F6P + ATP ↔ F1,6P + ADP + H+ | Phosphofructokinase | -1 |
F1,6P ↔ DHP + G3P | Aldolase | 0 |
DHP ↔ G3P | Triosephosphate Isomerase | 0 |
G3P + HPi + NAD+ ↔ 1,3BPG + NADH + H+ | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | -1 |
1,3BPG + ADP ↔ 3PG + ATP | Phosphoglycerate kinase | 0 |
3PG ↔ 2PG | Phosphoglycerate mutase | 0 |
2PG + ADP ↔ PEP | Enolase | 0 |
PEP + ADP + H+ ↔ Pyr + ATP | Pyruvate kinase | +1 |
Lactate Production | ||
Pyr + NADH + H+ ↔ La + NAD+ | Lactate dehydrogenase | +1 |
* ΔH+ = reference proton load value prior to adjustment for partial ionization (-’ve = proton release, +‘ve = proton consumption); See Table 1 for metabolite abbreviation definitions.