Table 4.
Outcomes Related to Difficulties with Legal System (N = 232)a
| Variables | Groups | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) CONT (n = 58) |
(2) EXPOSED, DYSM (n = 47) |
(3) EXPOSED, COG-AFF (n = 35) |
(4) EXPOSED, COG-UNAFF (n = 38) |
(5) SPEC (n = 54) |
Statistical Test | p- valued | |
| (males: females within group) | 22:36 | 23:24 | 9:26 | 14:24 | 29:25 | ||
| Total Times Arrested and Chargedb (n = 232)(EMM, SE) | Mc = .18 (.05) | M = .25 (.05) | M = .15 (.08) | M = .55 (.06) | M = .35 (.04) | Group – Wald X2(4) = 25.71 |
p < .001 (1,2,3 <4)d |
| Fc = .06 (.04) | F = .11 (.05) | F = .09 (.05) | F = .14 (.05) | F = .11 (.05) | |||
| Tc = .12 (.03) | T = .18 (.03) | T = .12 (.04) | T = .34 (.04) | T = .23 (.03) | |||
| Gender – Wald X2(1) = 37.63 |
p < .001 | ||||||
| Interaction – Wald X2(4) = 12.74 |
p = .013 | ||||||
| Education- Wald X2(1) = 10.67 |
p = .001 | ||||||
| Number of charges resulting in convictionsb (n = 228) (EMM, SE) | Mc = .11 (.04) | M = .08 (.04) | M = .12 (.06) | M = .28 (.05) | M = .23 (.03) | Group – Wald X2(4) = 10.34 |
p = .035 |
| Fc = .03 (.03) | F = .09 (.04) | F = .03 (.04) | F = .05 (.04) | F = .06 (.03) | |||
| Tc = .07 (.02) | T = .08 (.03) | T = .08 (.03) | T = .17 (.03) | T = .14 (.02) | |||
| Gender – Wald X2(1) =21.81 |
p < .001 | ||||||
| Interaction – Wald X2(4) = 11.74 |
p = .019 | ||||||
| Education- Wald X2(1) =6.62 |
p = .01 | ||||||
| Currently on probation or parole (n = 231) (% yes) | 12.1 | 13.0 | 14.3 | 21.1 | 13.0 | X2(4) = 1.789 | nse |
| Ever incarcerated? (n = 232) (% yes) | 31.0 | 48.9 | 37.1 | 44.7 | 51.9 | X2(4) = 6.329 | ns |
| Total time incarcerated (in months)b (n = 232) (EMM, SE) | Mc = .36 (.08) | M = .31 (.07) | M = .14 (.12) | M = .78 (.09) | M = .36 (.07) | Group – Wald X2(4) = 17.15 |
p < .001 (4> 1,2,3,5)d |
| Fc = .01 (.06) | F = .08 (.07) | F = .09 (.07) | F = .11 (.07) | F = .04 (.07) | |||
| Tc = .19 (.05) | T = .20 (.05) | T = .12 (.07) | T = .45 (.06) | T = .20 (.05) | |||
| Gender – Wald X2(1) = 42.1 |
p < .001 | ||||||
| Interaction – Wald X2(4) = 12.87 |
p = .012 | ||||||
| Education- Wald X2(1) = 9.47 |
p = .002 | ||||||
a
If data are not available for some participants, the n used for the analysis is noted next to the variable name.
b
Raw data have been transformed using a logarithmic transformation (log10 + 1);transformed data are presented.
c
M = male, F = female, T = total.
d
Post-hoc comparisons were completed with Bonferroni test (p < .05).
e
ns = not significant.