Table 2. Influence of study group (population controls, hospital controls, low-grade UC patients, high-grade UC patients) and group characteristics on log(CXCL16/Creatinine) determined via multiple linear regression analysis.
| N | All Subjects (n=429) | Men (n=341) | Women (n=88) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Δ | 95% CI | p-value | N | Δ | 95% CI | p-value | N | Δ | 95% CI | p-value | |||
| Intercept | 4.16 | 3.79; 4.53 | <0.001 | 4.08 | 3.67; 4.50 | <0.001 | 4.90 | 4.21; 5.59 | <0.001 | ||||
| Study group | Population controls | Ref. | 37 | Ref. | 10 | Ref. | |||||||
| Hospital controls | 111 | 0.42 | 0.03; 0.81 | 0.033 | 81 | 0.53 | 0.06; 0.99 | 0.026 | 30 | 0.11 | −0.56; 0.78 | 0.736 | |
| Non muscle invasive (≤pT1) and low-grade UC | 211 | 0.95 | 0.59; 1.31 | <0.001 | 174 | 1.01 | 0.59; 1.44 | <0.001 | 37 | 0.63 | −0.04; 1.29 | 0.066 | |
| Non muscle invasive (≤pT1) and high-grade UC | 27 | 1.09 | 0.56; 1.62 | <0.001 | 21 | 0.94 | 0.33; 1.56 | 0.003 | 6 | 1.88 | 0.86; 2.89 | <0.001 | |
| Muscle invasive (>pT1), low-grade UC | 5 | 1.14 | 0.17; 2.12 | 0.021 | 4 | 1.10 | −0.01; 2.22 | 0.053 | 1 | 1.34 | −0.54; 3.21 | 0.160 | |
| Muscle invasive (>pT1), high-grade UC | 28 | 1.45 | 0.92; 1.99 | <0.001 | 24 | 1.23 | 0.62; 1.84 | <0.001 | 4 | 2.83 | 1.72; 3.93 | <0.001 | |
| Age (years) | < 70 | 198 | Ref. | 154 | Ref. | 44 | Ref. | ||||||
| ≥ 70 | 231 | 0.12 | −0.09; 0.33 | 0.253 | 187 | 0.12 | −0.12; 0.35 | 0.332 | 44 | −0.09 | −0.53; 0.34 | 0.665 | |
| Gender | Males | 341 | Ref. | ||||||||||
| Females | 88 | 0.24 | −0.02; 0.51 | 0.072 | |||||||||
| Former UCa | No | 268 | Ref. | 208 | Ref. | 60 | Ref. | ||||||
| Yes | 161 | −0.09 | −0.32; 0.13 | 0.403 | 133 | −0.19 | −0.45; 0.07 | 0.151 | 28 | 0.19 | −0.21; 0.60 | 0.346 | |
| Smoking Status | Never smoker | 94 | Ref. | 51 | Ref. | 43 | Ref. | ||||||
| Former smoker | 220 | −0.13 | −0.39; 0.14 | 0.348 | 195 | −0.06 | −0.39; 0.28 | 0.740 | 25 | −0.48 | −0.95; −0.02 | 0.042 | |
| Current smoker | 115 | 0.09 | −0.21; 0.39 | 0.545 | 95 | 0.12 | −0.25; 0.50 | 0.514 | 20 | −0.02 | −0.54; 0.51 | 0.954 | |
| Leucocytes | Negative | 239 | Ref. | 211 | Ref. | 28 | Ref. | ||||||
| Positive | 190 | 0.09 | −0.13; 0.30 | 0.432 | 130 | 0.11 | −0.14; 0.35 | 0.404 | 60 | −0.03 | −0.44; 0.39 | 0.891 | |
| Erythrocytes | Negative – ∼10 Ery/μL | 226 | Ref. | 184 | Ref. | 42 | Ref. | ||||||
| ∼25 – 50 Ery/μL | 76 | 0.55 | 0.27; 0.83 | <0.001 | 55 | 0.58 | 0.25; 0.91 | 0.001 | 21 | 0.46 | −0.01; 0.94 | 0.057 | |
| ∼150 – 250 Ery/μL | 127 | 0.81 | 0.54; 1.07 | <0.001 | 0.89 | 0.58; 1.19 | <0.001 | 25 | 0.35 | −0.16; 0.85 | 0.175 | ||
Persons with a complete data set (429 out of 484) were used, while those with missing values in one or more category were excluded; Parameter estimates are given as Δ with 95% confidence intervals (CI).