Table 2. Prognostic factors by uni- and multi-variate analysis for survival after recurrence.

Characteristics	5 year survival	Uni-	Multi-	HR (95% CI)
Gender
Male  Female	39.9% 38.1%	0.850	-	-
Age
≤ 60 years  > 60 years	43.0% 33.2%	< 0.001	0.001	1.419 (1.164-1.731)
Initial CEA
< 5 ng/ml  ≥ 5 ng/ml	47.5% 22.9%	< 0.001	0.439	1.092 (0.874-1.364)
r-CEA
< 5 ng/ml  ≥ 5 ng/ml	52.1% 16.6%	< 0.001	< 0.001	2.508 (2.014-3.124)
Disease free interval
< 12 months  ≥12 months	26.9% 45.9%	< 0.001	< 0.001	1.634 (1.338-1.996)
Treatment after recurrence
Salvage Tx  Palliative/Conservative Tx	58.6% 24.1%	< 0.001	< 0.001	2.709 (2.119-3.463)
Pattern of failure
Isolated LRR  Distant metastasis	48.6% 37.3%	0.094	-	-

r-CEA, CEA at the time of recurrence; LRR, loco-regional recurrence; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval, Tx, treatment