Table 3.
Associations between antenatal depression and children’s growth through 3 years, the Upstate KIDS Study
| All participants | Singletons | Singleton boys | Singleton girls | Twins | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 95% CI | b | 95% CI | b | 95% CI | b | 95% CI | b | 95% CI | |
| Self-reported antenatal depressive symptoms: Birth certificate | ||||||||||
| Weight-for-age | −0.15 | −0.36, 0.06 | −0.15 | −0.36, 0.07 | −0.16 | −0.47, 0.15 | −0.13 | −0.43,0.17 | −0.22 | −0.59, 0.15 |
| Height-for-age | −0.05 | −0.28, 0.19 | −0.04 | −0.28, 0.20 | −0.06 | −0.43, 0.31 | −0.01 | −0.32, 0.29 | −0.05 | −0.58, 0.48 |
| Weight-for-height | −0.20 | −0.44, 0.04 | −0.21 | −0.45, 0.04 | −0.16 | −0.50, 0.18 | −0.25 | −0.60, 0.09 | −0.29 | −0.71, 0.13 |
| BMI-for-age | −0.20 | −0.43, 0.04 | −0.20 | −0.44, 0.05 | −0.19 | −0.52, 0.14 | −0.20 | −0.54, 0.15 | −0.25 | −0.65, 0.14 |
| Antenatal depression: SPARCS | ||||||||||
| Weight-for-age | −0.09 | −0.25, 0.07 | −0.09 | −0.26, 0.07 | −0.27 | −0.48, −0.06 | 0.07 | −0.18, 0.31 | −0.28 | −0.63, 0.08 |
| Height-for-age | −0.16 | −0.35, 0.04 | −0.16 | −0.35, 0.04 | −0.42 | −0.69, −0.14 | 0.07 | −0.21,0.34 | −0.35 | −0.81, 0.11 |
| Weight-for-height | 0.06 | −0.13, 0.25 | 0.06 | −0.13, 0.25 | 0.03 | −0.23, 0.28 | 0.09 | −0.19, 0.38 | −0.10 | −0.56, 0.35 |
| BMI-for-age | 0.03 | −0.16, 0.21 | 0.03 | −0.16, 0.22 | −0.06 | −0.31, 0.19 | 0.11 | −0.17, 0.38 | −0.11 | −0.52, 0.31 |
Notes: 1. Regression coefficients indicate the differences of z-scores for children’s growth between children whose mother had postnatal depression and children without. 2. Mothers with self-reported antenatal depressive symptoms were categorized as whose answer includes ‘moderately depressed’, ‘very depressed’, and ‘very depressed and had to get help’ from self-reported maternal depression during pregnancy on the NYS birth certificate. 3. Antenatal depression was derived from the SPARCS for mothers with any in- or out-patient discharge records due to depression before the date of child delivery. 4. Adjusted model examined the crude associations between maternal depression measures and child growth after adjusting for a priori selected confounders, such as maternal age, race, education, marital status, infertility treatment, health insurance status, pre-pregnancy BMI.
Abbreviations: Body mass index (BMI); Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS)