Table 1.
Participant characteristics by metabolic health status, stratified by BMI category. Among 22,514 REGARDS participants.
| Normal Weight BMI 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2 (N = 5377) | Overweight BMI 25.0 – 29.9 kg/m2 (N = 8351) | Obese BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (N = 8786) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||||
| MH (N = 4720) | MU (N = 657) | P value* | MH (N = 5503) | MU (N = 2848) | P value* | MH (N = 2872) | MU (N = 5914) | P value* | |
| Age† | 65.5 (10.2) | 68.4 (9.2) | <0.01 | 64.2 (9.3) | 66.4 (9.1) | <0.01 | 62.1 (8.7) | 63.0 (8.5) | <0.01 |
| Race (%) | |||||||||
| Black | 1365 (28.9) | 204 (31.0) | 0.3 | 1963 (35.7) | 1045 (36.7) | 0.4 | 1545 (53.8) | 2907 (49.2) | <0.01 |
| White | 3355 (71.1) | 453 (69.0) | 3540 (64.3) | 1803 (63.3) | 1327 (46.2) | 3007 (50.8) | |||
| Sex (%) | |||||||||
| Male | 2020 (42.8) | 285 (43.4) | 0.8 | 2980 (54.2) | 1353 (47.5) | <0.01 | 1029 (35.8) | 2250 (38.1) | 0.04 |
| Female | 2700 (57.2) | 372 (56.6) | 2523 (45.9) | 1495 (52.5) | 1843 (64.2) | 3664 (61.9) | |||
| Education ≤ High School (%) | 415 (8.8) | 107 (16.3) | <0.01 | 483 (8.8) | 412 (14.5) | <0.01 | 319 (11.1) | 888 (15.0) | <0.01 |
| Income ≤ $20,000 (%) | 683 (14.5) | 162 (24.7) | <0.01 | 628 (11.4) | 582 (20.4) | <0.01 | 488 (17.0) | 1278 (21.6) | <0.01 |
| Current Tobacco Use (%) | 865 (18.4) | 186 (28.4) | <0.01 | 646 (11.8) | 491 (17.3) | <0.01 | 278 (9.7) | 780 (13.2) | <0.01 |
| Heavy Alcohol Use (%) | 280 (6.0) | 32 (5.0) | <0.01 | 258 (4.8) | 104 (3.7) | <0.01 | 86 (3.1) | 158 (2.7) | <0.01 |
| No Physical Activity (%) | 1332 (28.7) | 287 (44.4) | <0.01 | 1427 (26.3) | 1039 (37.1) | <0.01 | 1028 (36.2) | 2406 (41.3) | <0.01 |
| Chronic Medical Conditions (%) | |||||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 375 (8.1) | 75 (11.7) | <0.01 | 369 (6.8) | 273 (9.8) | <0.01 | 204 (7.3) | 542 (9.4) | <0.01 |
| Chronic lung disease | 403 (8.6) | 55 (8.4) | 0.9 | 433 (7.9) | 255 (9.0) | 0.09 | 289 (10.1) | 658 (11.1) | 0.1 |
| Coronary artery disease | 689 (14.9) | 157 (24.5) | <0.01 | 788 (14.6) | 646 (23.0) | <0.01 | 337 (12.0) | 1179 (20.3) | <0.01 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 187 (4.0) | 40 (6.2) | 0.01 | 201 (3.7) | 151 (5.3) | <0.01 | 157 (5.5) | 394 (6.7) | 0.03 |
| Myocardial infarction | 497 (10.7) | 111 (17.3) | <0.01 | 546 (10.1) | 449 (16.0) | <0.01 | 240 (8.5) | 842 (14.5) | <0.01 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 105 (2.2) | 27 (4.1) | <0.01 | 89 (1.6) | 81 (2.9) | <0.01 | 27 (0.9) | 139 (2.4) | <0.01 |
| Stroke | 246 (5.2) | 73 (11.2) | <0.01 | 221 (4.0) | 236 (8.3) | <0.01 | 101 (3.5) | 385 (6.5) | <0.01 |
| Comorbidity score†** | 0.52 (0.92) | 0.80 (1.10) | <0.01 | 0.48 (0.86) | 0.73 (1.05) | <0.01 | 0.47 (0.85) | 0.69 (1.02) | <0.01 |
| Follow-up years‡ | 6.9 (5.5 - 8.2) | 6.5 (4.6 - 8.2) | 0.01 | 7.1 (5.6 - 8.4) | 6.9 (5.4 - 8.4) | <0.01 | 6.8 (5.6 - 8.2) | 6.8 (5.4 - 8.2) | 0.12 |
| BMI† | 23.3 (1.4) | 22.7 (1.6) | <0.01 | 27.3 (1.4) | 27.8 (1.4) | <0.01 | 34.3 (4.4) | 36.0 (5.2) | <0.01 |
N (%) – Presented as count and column percentages.
†
Mean (Standard deviation)
‡
Median (Interquartile Range)
*
Significance determined using ANOVA (normal continuous), Wilcoxon (non-parametric continuous), and chi-square test.
**
Comorbidity score presented as means and standard deviations of the sum total of comorbidities.
MH – Metabolically healthy
MU – Metabolically unhealthy defined as the presence of three or more metabolic components including 1) elevated fasting glucose, 2) high triglycerides, 3) dyslipidemia, 4) hypertension, and 5) high waist circumference.