. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 Oct 25;26(1):37–44. doi: 10.1002/oby.22032

Table 2.

Metabolic characteristics at baseline, after the 6-month interventions, and at 12 months.

			Baseline			6 Months			12 Months			Group × Time	Overall Group	Overall Time	6 vs. 0	12 vs. 6	12 vs. 0

		N	mean±SEM			mean±SEM			mean±SEM			P-value	P-value	P-value	P-value	P-value	P-value
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	WL	34	128	±	11	113	±	9	107	±	8	0.49	0.24	0.000	<0.01	1.0	<0.01
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	AEX+WL	28	117	±	7	94	±	6	94	±	6	0.49	0.24	0.000	<0.01	1.0	<0.01

Cholesterol (mg/dl)	WL	34	197	±	7	192	±	6	204	±	8	0.49	0.50	0.000	<0.005	<0.005	1.0
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	AEX+WL	28	198	±	6	186	±	5	194	±	7	0.49	0.50	0.000	<0.005	<0.005	1.0

LDL-C (mg/dl)	WL	34	121	±	6	116	±	5	128	±	7	0.35	0.99	0.000	<0.005	<0.01	1.0
LDL-C (mg/dl)	AEX+WL	28	123	±	5	112	±	4	118	±	6	0.35	0.99	0.000	<0.005	<0.01	1.0

HDL-C (mg/dl)	WL	34	55	±	2	57	±	2	61	±	2	0.75	0.38	0.000	<0.01	<0.01	<0.001
HDL-C (mg/dl)	AEX+WL	28	52	±	2	55	±	2	57	±	2	0.75	0.38	0.000	<0.01	<0.01	<0.001

Fasting Glucose (mg/dl)	WL	31	99	±	2	92	±	2	92	±	2	0.30	0.41	0.000	<0.001	1.0	<0.001
Fasting Glucose (mg/dl)	AEX+WL	25	95	±	2	90	±	2	92	±	2	0.30	0.41	0.000	<0.001	1.0	<0.001

Fasting Insulin (pmol/l)	WL	26	93	±	7	71	±	5	72	±	6	0.96	0.24	0.000	<0.001	1.0	<0.01
Fasting Insulin (pmol/l)	AEX+WL	18	80	±	9	59	±	5	58	±	5	0.96	0.24	0.000	<0.001	1.0	<0.01

HOMA-IR	WL	25	3.75	±	0.31	2.75	±	0.23	2.77	±	0.26	0.99	0.28	0.000	<0.001	1.0	<0.005
HOMA-IR	AEX+WL	18	3.16	±	0.37	2.24	±	0.22	2.21	±	0.20	0.99	0.28	0.000	<0.001	1.0	<0.005

Glucose AUC (mg˙dl⁻¹˙120 min⁻¹)	WL	31	17578	±	645	16492	±	570	17080	±	661	0.22	0.12	0.01	<0.05	1.0	<0.05
Glucose AUC (mg˙dl⁻¹˙120 min⁻¹)	AEX+WL	25	16364	±	718	15670	±	634	15068	±	736	0.22	0.12	0.01	<0.05	1.0	<0.05

Insulin AUC (pmol˙l⁻¹˙120 min⁻¹)	WL	25	51258	±	3947	43207	±	3176	44883	±	3457	0.09	0.63	0.000	<0.001	1.0	<0.001
Insulin AUC (pmol˙l⁻¹˙120 min⁻¹)	AEX+WL	18	55466	±	4651	41066	±	3743	36120	±	4075	0.09	0.63	0.000	<0.001	1.0	<0.001

Leptin (ng/ml)	WL	15	29.2	±	2.6	22.8	±	2.4	28.9	±	3.3	0.27	0.08	0.000	<0.001	<0.005	0.09
Leptin (ng/ml)	AEX+WL	21	25.4	±	2.2	17.8	±	2.0	20.1	±	2.8	0.27	0.08	0.000	<0.001	<0.005	0.09

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	WL	19	120	±	3	114	±	3	116	±	3	0.93	0.90	0.003	<0.01	0.49	0.62
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	AEX+WL	20	118	±	3	114	±	4	117	±	4	0.93	0.90	0.003	<0.01	0.49	0.62

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	WL	19	66	±	2	64	±	2	66	±	2	0.57	0.88	0.07	0.06	1.0	0.50
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	AEX+WL	20	68	±	2	65	±	2	65	±	2	0.57	0.88	0.07	0.06	1.0	0.50