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. 2017 Dec 21;7:18001. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18297-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Classification of the deepest point of the eyeball (DPE) by location in the coronal plane. (A–D) Optic disc photography measuring the optic disc torsion degree. Disc torsion was identified and defined as the deviation of the long axis of the optic disc (yellow line) from the vertical meridian (dark gray line). (A-coronal) En face view of (A). Schematic diagram of quantifying the DPE by relative position in the coronal section. Eyes that had the center of the DPE within 3000 μm of the fovea were categorized as the near fovea group. (B-coronal) En face view of (B). Eyes that had the center of the DPE in the superior half of the globe, based on an imaginary line connecting the fovea and the center of the disc and excluding the fovea and disc area, were categorized as the superior hemisphere group. (C-coronal) En face view of (C). Eyes that had the center of the DPE in the inferior half of the globe, based on the imaginary line connecting the fovea and the center of the disc and excluding the fovea and disc area were categorized as the inferior hemisphere group. (D-coronal) En face view of (D). Eyes that had the center of the DPE within 3000 μm of the disc were categorized as the near disc group.