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. 2017 Dec 21;7:18019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18144-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Increased immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory T cell subsets following CM-MSC treatment at 3 days post induction of arthritis. (a) Surface staining of CD4 assessed proportion of CD4+ cells in spleens (left) and lymph nodes (right). (b) Intracellular staining for key cytokines characteristic of Treg (FOXP3) in spleens (left) and lymph nodes (right) and (c) Th2 (IL4) following 4 hours culture with inhibition of protein transport using Brefeldin A for T cells from CM-MSC and MSC treated mice and SFM treated controls (mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)). (d) The ratio of percentage FOXP3+ to IL17a+ cells (Treg:Th17) was calculated showing an improved ratio of FOXP3:IL17a expression following CM-MSC co-culture. All data were obtained from AIA mice at day 3 post arthritis induction. (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).