Table 2.
Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS)a and subscale scores.
|
Study measures |
Both groups (n=114) |
Usual care (n=56) |
Coach PCPb portal with decision support (n=58) |
Pc,d | ||||||||||||
| n | Mean (SDe) | Pf |
n |
Mean (SD) |
n |
Mean (SD) |
||||||||||
| DDS | ||||||||||||||||
|
Baseline |
114 |
2.5 (0.9) |
56 |
2.4 (0.9) |
58 |
2.6 (0.9) |
.79c | |||||||||
| 12 month | 103 | 2.3 (0.8) | 46 | 2.3 (0.9) | 57 | 2.3 (0.8) | ||||||||||
|
Change |
103 |
–0.2 (0.8) |
.01 |
46 |
–0.1 |
57 |
–0.3 |
.37d | ||||||||
| Emotional burden | ||||||||||||||||
|
Baseline |
114 |
2.6 (1.3) |
56 |
2.6 (1.3) |
58 |
2.6 (1.3) |
.75c | |||||||||
| 12 month | 104 | 2.6 (1.3) | 46 | 2.6 (1.3) | 58 | 2.5 (1.2) | ||||||||||
|
Change |
104 |
0 (1.2) |
.83 |
46 |
0.1 |
58 |
–0.1 |
.48d | ||||||||
| Interpersonal distress | ||||||||||||||||
|
Baseline |
114 |
2.1 (1.3) |
56 |
1.9 (1.1) |
58 |
2.3 (1.4) |
.24c | |||||||||
| 12 month | 103 | 2.0 (1.2) | 46 | 1.8 (1.1) | 57 | 2.2 (1.2) | ||||||||||
|
Change |
103 |
0 (1.2) |
.64 |
46 |
0.1 |
57 |
–0.1 |
.65d | ||||||||
| Physician-related distress | ||||||||||||||||
|
Baseline |
114 |
1.7 (1.0) |
56 |
1.8 (1.0) |
58 |
1.6 (0.9) |
.86c | |||||||||
| 12 month | 104 | 1.7 (1.0) | 46 | 1.7 (1.0) | 58 | 1.7 (1.0) | ||||||||||
|
Change |
104 |
0 (1.0) |
.73 |
46 |
–0.2 |
58 |
0.1 |
.12d | ||||||||
| Regimen-related distress | ||||||||||||||||
|
Baseline |
114 |
3.3 (1.3) |
56 |
3.1 (1.3) |
58 |
3.5 (1.2) |
.65c | |||||||||
| 12 month | 104 | 2.7 (1.1) | 46 | 2.7 (1.1) | 58 | 2.7 (1.0) | ||||||||||
|
Change |
104 |
–0.6 (1.4) |
<.001 |
46 |
–0.4 |
58 |
–0.8 |
.16d | ||||||||
aThe three categories of DDS scores are little or no diabetes distress (DDS <2.0), moderate diabetes distress (DDS=2.0-2.9), and high diabetes distress (DDS ≥3) [36].
bPCP: primary care provider.
cGroup effect on diabetes distress, regardless of gender.
dGroup by time effect on diabetes distress, regardless of gender.
eSD: standard deviation.
fTime effect on diabetes distress scores in all groups.