Figure 2.

Density of Focal Hosts: Competition and disease strongly depress the density of focal hosts, especially in populations with constrained traits. Epidemics begin on day 25 (vertical dashed line). (a) Constrained populations (dashed lines; −V) suffer reduced density due to competition only (blue lines; +C; −P), parasites only (purple lines; −C; +P), and especially competition and parasites together (black lines; +C; +P). (b) Variable populations (solid lines; +V) maintain more robust densities despite competition and/or disease. Abbreviations: V = standing trait variation; C = competitors/diluters; P = parasites. Error bars are standard errors.