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. 2017 Sep 29;14(6):5243–5250. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.5220

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Copyright: © Yang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 2. — C. neoformans traversal of the BBB. (A) Transcellular traversal: C. neoformans binds to receptors on the endothelial cell, which triggers cellular endocytosis (72–79). (B) Trojan horse dissemination: C. neoformans is phagocytosed by a macrophage, which is able to cross the BBB, resulting in pathogen transportation into the brain (85–92). (C) Paracellular pathway: C. neoformans damages and weakens the intercellular tight junctions, which facilitates passage of the organism between the endothelial cells (80–82). RHAMM, receptor of hyaluronan-mediated motility; CD44, cluster of differentiation 44; PKCα, protein kinase Cα; DYRK3, dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3; BBB, blood-brain barrier; C. neoformans, Cryptococcus neoformans.