Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants
| Characteristic | All N = 796 |
0.5% CHG N = 261 |
1.0% CHG N = 278 |
10% PVI N = 257 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 66.2 (16.3) | 65.7 (16.3) | 65.9 (16.3) | 67.1 (16.4) |
| Gender, male (n, %) | 504 (63.3%) | 162 (62.1%) | 187 (67.3%) | 155 (60.3%) |
| APACHE 2, mean (SD) | 21.0 (8.5) | 21.0 (8.6) | 21.5 (8.6) | 20.5 (8.4) |
| SAPS 2, mean (SD) | 49.4 (18.6) | 48.5 (19.2) | 50.9 (18.2) | 48.8 (18.4) |
| SOFA, mean (SD) | 7.2 (4.0) | 7.1 (3.9) | 7.5 (4.3) | 7.0 (3.9) |
| Comorbidities (n, %) | ||||
| Immunodeficiency | 39 (4.9%) | 10 (3.8%) | 17 (6.1%) | 12 (4.7%) |
| Steroid administration | 90 (11.3%) | 32 (12.3%) | 35 (12.6%) | 23 (9.0%) |
| Trauma | 64 (8.0%) | 27 (10.3%) | 16 (5.8%) | 21 (8.2%) |
| Cancer | 84 (10.6%) | 29 (11.1%) | 31 (11.2%) | 24 (9.3%) |
| Diabetes | 153 (19.2%) | 57 (21.8%) | 51 (18.4%) | 45 (17.5%) |
| HIV | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) |
| Cirrhosis | 40 (5.0%) | 13 (5.0%) | 14 (5.0%) | 13 (5.1%) |
| Acute kidney injury | 245 (30.8%) | 85 (32.6%) | 81 (29.1%) | 79 (30.7%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 137 (17.2%) | 51 (19.5%) | 47 (16.9%) | 39 (15.2%) |
| Admission category (n, %) | ||||
| Medical | 645 (81.0%) | 203 (77.8%) | 231 (83.1%) | 211 (82.1%) |
| Scheduled surgery | 23 (2.9%) | 9 (3.5%) | 5 (1.8%) | 9 (3.5%) |
| Emergency surgery | 128 (16.1%) | 49 (18.8%) | 42 (15.1%) | 37 (14.4%) |
| Infections before catheter insertion (n, %) | 448 (56.3%) | 150 (57.5%) | 162 (58.3%) | 136 (52.9%) |
| Origin of infection (n, %) | ||||
| Central nervous system | 4 (0.5%) | 1 (0.4%) | 2 (0.7%) | 1 (0.4%) |
| Pulmonary | 195 (24.5%) | 69 (26.5%) | 63 (22.7%) | 63 (24.5%) |
| Cardiovascular | 5 (0.6%) | 2 (0.8%) | 2 (0.7%) | 1 (0.4%) |
| Abdominal | 92 (11.6%) | 23 (8.9%) | 44 (15.8%) | 25 (9.7%) |
| Urinary tract | 44 (5.5%) | 19 (7.3%) | 10 (3.6%) | 15 (5.8%) |
| Skin | 14 (1.8%) | 7 (2.7%) | 3 (1.1%) | 4 (1.6%) |
| Catheter | 8 (1.0%) | 2 (0.8%) | 5 (1.8%) | 1 (0.4%) |
| Others | 82 (10.3%) | 25 (9.6%) | 31 (11.2%) | 26 (10.1%) |
| None | 351 (44.2%) | 112 (43.1%) | 118 (42.5%) | 121 (47.1%) |
| Antibiotics before catheter insertion (n, %) | 445 (55.9%) | 153 (58.6%) | 155 (55.8%) | 137 (53.3%) |
CHG chlorhexidine gluconate, PVI povidone-iodine, SD standard deviation, APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, HIV human immunodeficiency virus