Table 2.
Association between metabolic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal conditions with the health related quality of life among individuals ≥20 years in South Australia, 2015 (N = 2912)
| % | Physical component score | Mental component score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | ||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
| Mean difference (SE) | Mean difference (SE) | Mean difference (SE) | Mean difference (SE) | Mean difference (SE) | Mean difference (SE) | ||
| Metabolic conditions | |||||||
| Obesity* | 25.3 | -5.2 (0.5)a | −3.6 (0.5)a | −2.3 (0.4)a | −0.9 (0.4)c | −0.3 (0.4) | 0.0 (0.4) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 16.9 | −7.3 (0.6)a | −2.5 (0.6)a | −0.3 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.4) | 0.0 (0.5) |
| Diabetes | 9.3 | −7.8 (0.7)a | −3.7 (0.6)a | −2.2 (0.6)b | −0.6 (0.6) | −0.1 (0.5) | −0.2 (0.5) |
| Cardiovascular conditions | |||||||
| Hypertension | 22.4 | −7.6 (0.6)a | −2.8 (0.7)a | −1.1 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.4)b | 0.8 (0.4) | 1.0 (0.5) |
| Heart attack | 5.2 | −9.4 (1.0)a | −3.7 (1.0)a | −1.7 (1.2) | 0.4 (0.7) | −0.8 (0.7) | −0.9 (0.8) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.2 | −8.4 (1.2)a | −4.0 (1.1)a | −2.7 (1.0)b | 0.9 (0.9) | −0.1 (0.9) | 0.1 (0.9) |
| Angina | 2.3 | −12.1 (1.5)a | −5.2 (1.3)a | −1.7 (1.2) | −1.1 (1.3) | −0.4 (1.1) | 0.2 (1.2) |
| Stroke | 1.7 | −13.0 (1.3)a | −6.5 (1.6)a | −4.2 (1.7)c | −1.7 (1.5) | −1.3 (1.5) | −1.3 (1.5) |
| Heart failure | 1.0 | −14.9 (1.6)a | −9.1 (1.6)a | −6.1 (1.5)a | 1.0 (1.4) | −0.2 (1.3) | 0.2 (1.4) |
| Gastrointestinal conditions | |||||||
| Gastroesophageal reflux | 8.4 | −6.1 (0.9)a | −3.3 (0.7)a | −1.7 (0.7)c | −2.3 (0.8)b | −1.1 (0.7) | −0.8 (0.7) |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 7.9 | −4.7 (0.9)a | −2.9 (0.7)a | −1.7 (0.7)c | −3.3 (0.7)a | −1.9 (0.6)b | −1.7 (0.6)b |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.9 | −5.0 (2.6) | −2.2 (2.2) | −0.9 (1.8) | −6.0 (1.7)b | −5.0 (1.7)b | −4.5 (1.7)b |
| Crohn’s disease | 0.8 | −4.7 (3.1) | −3.7 (2.7) | −3.0 (2.5) | −2.4 (2.4) | −1.2 (1.8) | −0.1 (1.6) |
| Coeliac disease | 0.7 | −1.7 (2.1) | −1.9 (1.6) | −1.7 (1.9) | −0.6 (0.6) | −0.1 (1.1) | 0.4 (1.1) |
| Musculoskeletal conditions | |||||||
| Osteoarthritis | 25.6 | −10.4 (0.5)a | −7.1 (0.5)a | −6.1 (0.5)a | −0.6 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) |
| Gout | 6.1 | −5.3 (0.9)a | −1.9 (0.9)c | −0.1 (0.9) | 0.3 (0.7) | −0.9 (0.6) | −0.8 (0.6) |
| Osteoporosis | 5.2 | −8.7 (0.9)a | −3.1 (0.8)a | −2.1 (0.7)b | −1.2 (0.8) | −1.4 (0.7) | −1.5 (0.7)c |
*Obesity was defined as having a BMI ≥ 30, based on self-reported data for weight and height
Model 1: predicted means adjusted for sex, age, marital status, area of residence, educational level, working status, socioeconomic position (Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantaged), fruit/vegetable consumption, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol intake, and mental health status
Model 2: predicted means adjusted for variables in model 1 + mutual adjustment between chronic conditions
Associations with a p-value a < 0.001; b < 0.01; c < 0.05
Crude R2 for PCS and MCS were: Obesity 4.8% and 0.2%; Dyslipidaemia 7.0% and 0.02%; Diabetes 4.7% and 0.04%; Hypertension 9.2% and 0.4%; Heart attack 4.0% and 0.01%; Atrial fibrillation 2.0% and 0.03%; Angina 3.1% and 0.03%; Stroke 2.6% and 0.1%; Heart failure 2.0% and 0.01%; Gastroesophageal reflux 2.7% and 0.5%; Irritable bowel syndrome 1.5% and 1.1%; Ulcerative colitis 0.2% and 0.4%; Chron’s disease 0.2% and 0.1%; Coeliac disease 0.02% and 0.01%; Osteoarthritis 19.2% and 0.1%; Gout 1.5% and 0.01%; Osteoporosis 3.5% and 0.1%. Adjusted R2 for models including just sociodemographic, lifestyle, and mental health status variables were 27.2% for PCS and 23.4% for MCS, while R2 for full models with mutual adjustment of all conditions (Model 2) were 38.1% and 24.4%, respectively