Effects of CD44 and E-cadherin overexpression on the invasion of ovarian cancer cells. (A) Image of cells that had transgressed through the membrane in a Transwell invasion assay (magnification, ×40; crystal violet stain). (B and C) Relative invasion ability of SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. Overexpression of CD44 in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells increased the tumor invasion ability compared with that in the blank or negative control groups. In addition, overexpression of E-cadherin in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells decreased the tumor invasion ability compared with that in the blank or negative control groups. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (n=3/group). ***P<0.001 vs. blank or negative control group; ###P<0.001 vs. blank or negative control group. E-cad, epithelial cadherin; NC, negative control; OE, overexpression.