Figure 5.

Effects of orally administered GGA on ERK/p38 MAPK signaling in APP/PS1 mice. Whole cell extracts were prepared from the brains of GGA-treated WT and APP/PS1 mice prior to western blot analysis to measure the levels of (A) p-JNK, (B) p-p38 and (C) p-ERK. β-actin was used as an internal standard. *P<0.05 vs. untreated Tg mice, ^$P<0.05 vs. Tg+GGA mice. GGA, geranylgeranylacetone; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases; p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; APP/PS1, transgenic mouse strain; WT, wild type; Tg, transgenic; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; p-, phosphorylated.